In addition, we
conducted a simple quantitative
analysis of the Ning transcripts, counting the number of threads and the number of
contributors on each thread, as well as analyzing the types of
contributors and discussions.
In a pair of
analyses based on NSCAW, Cecilia Casaneueva and colleagues showed that about one - third of parents with low parenting skills had experienced domestic violence.24 Such violence was also associated with harsher parenting: children over the age of eighteen months were more likely to be spanked if their parents were facing domestic violence.25 But parents who had once experienced domestic violence, but had been able to put it behind them, did not show elevated rates of impaired or violent parenting.26 The parenting of women currently suffering interpersonal partner violence is significantly worse than that of women who have faced it in the past, suggesting that the context of the violence is creating the problems in parenting and child
conduct problems and that its cessation may be a more important
contributor to child outcomes than parent instruction.
To date, the immediate and lasting positive effects of quality care on language, cognitive development, and school achievement have been confirmed by converging findings from large, reasonably representative longitudinal studies and smaller, randomized trials with long - term follow - ups.1, 2,9 - 13
Contributors to this knowledge base include meta - analytic reviews of interventions and large longitudinal studies
conducted in several countries.1, 2,14,15 Comprehensive meta -
analyses now establish that effects of early care decline, but do not disappear, and when initial effects are large, long - term effects remain substantial.1, 2 Null findings in cognitive and social domains in a few studies may reasonably be attributed to the limitations inherent to their designs, samples, and measures.