Background: Physiological and environmental risk factors interact to undermine blood glucose
control during early adolescence.
Not exact matches
Remember,
early socialization
during puppyhood has enabled you to continue to socialize and
control your dog as an adolescent and so, by the same mark, continue socializing and training throughout
adolescence so that you may further continue to socialize your dog
during adulthood.
Some observers have argued that female offenders can, in theory, be either adolescent - limited or life - course - persistent and that the relative scarcity of
early - onset aggression in females indicates that they are generally less likely to follow the latter pathway.56 Others, however, have argued that the relative prevalence of adolescent - onset aggression in girls (compared with childhood - onset) indicates that persistent delinquency simply manifests at a later age in girls than it does in boys.57 In Persephanie Silverthorn and Paul Frick's model, girls and boys are influenced by similar risk factors
during childhood, but the onset of delinquent behavior in girls is delayed by the more stringent social
controls imposed on them before
adolescence.
With respect to timing of programs to enhance self -
control, our findings were consistent with «one - two punch» scheduling of interventions
during both
early childhood and
adolescence (29).
Third, we investigated whether interpersonal difficulties
during middle
adolescence were associated with risk for suicide attempts
during late
adolescence or
early adulthood after maladaptive parenting or abuse
during childhood or
early adolescence was
controlled statistically.
Logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate whether these associations were significant after offspring age, sex, and psychiatric symptoms
during childhood and
early adolescence and parental psychiatric symptoms were
controlled statistically.
Asterisks indicate P <.001 (these associations remained significant after
controlling for offspring age, sex, and psychiatric disorders
during childhood or
early adolescence and parental psychiatric disorders); dagger, P >.05; OR, odds ratio; AOR, adjusted OR; and CI, confidence interval.
Associations between (1) elevated maladaptive parenting or abuse
during childhood or
early adolescence and elevated relationship difficulties
during middle
adolescence; (2) elevated maladaptive parenting or abuse
during childhood or
early adolescence and suicide attempts
during late
adolescence or
early adulthood,
controlling for elevated relationship difficulties
during middle
adolescence; and (3) elevated relationship difficulties
during middle
adolescence and suicide attempts
during late
adolescence or
early adulthood,
controlling for maladaptive parenting or abuse
during childhood or
early adolescence.
Conversely, a high level of maladaptive parental behavior
during childhood and
adolescence was associated with risk for suicide attempts
during late
adolescence or
early adulthood after parental psychiatric disorders were
controlled (OR, 2.91; 95 % CI, 1.36 - 9.37).
Logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the mediation hypotheses, using an established 3 - step procedure.48 First, we investigated whether there was a significant bivariate association between a high level of maladaptive parenting (operationally defined as ≥ 3 maladaptive parenting behaviors) or abuse
during childhood or
early adolescence (by a mean age of 14 years) and risk for suicide attempts
during late
adolescence or
early adulthood (reported at a mean age of 22 years) and whether the magnitude of this association was reduced when interpersonal difficulties
during middle
adolescence (reported at a mean age of 16 years) were
controlled statistically.
Results Maladaptive parenting and childhood maltreatment were associated with an elevated risk for interpersonal difficulties
during middle
adolescence and for suicide attempts
during late
adolescence or
early adulthood after age, sex, psychiatric symptoms
during childhood and
early adolescence, and parental psychiatric symptoms were
controlled statistically.
A high level of school violence
during childhood or
early adolescence was associated with risk for suicide attempts
during late
adolescence or
early adulthood after all of the covariates were
controlled (Table 1).
Third, a high level of interpersonal difficulties
during middle
adolescence was significantly associated with risk for suicide attempts
during late
adolescence or
early adulthood after maladaptive parenting or abuse
during childhood or
early adolescence was
controlled statistically (Table 4 and Figure 1).
However, age, psychiatric disorder
during adolescence, and parental psychiatric symptoms were not significantly associated with suicidal behavior
during late
adolescence or
early adulthood after maladaptive parental behavior was
controlled statistically.
Considered together with our findings indicating that parental psychiatric disorders were significantly associated with offspring suicide attempts before, but not after, maladaptive parenting was
controlled statistically, the present findings are consistent with the inference that maladaptive parenting mediated the association between parental psychiatric disorders and offspring suicide attempts
during late
adolescence or
early adulthood.
To take just two examples, studies of hypothetical dilemmas requiring adolescents to choose between antisocial behavior suggested by their peers and positive social behavior of their own choosing show that peer influences increase between childhood and
early adolescence as adolescents begin to separate from parental
control, peak at age fourteen, and then decline slowly
during the high school years.
Serious fights with family members were the only negative life events that were significantly associated with increased offspring risk for suicide attempts
during late
adolescence or
early adulthood after all of the covariates were
controlled (Table 3).
Maladaptive parenting and childhood maltreatment were associated with an elevated risk for interpersonal difficulties
during middle
adolescence and for suicide attempts
during late
adolescence or
early adulthood after age, sex, psychiatric symptoms
during childhood and
early adolescence, and parental psychiatric symptoms were
controlled statistically.
Harsh parental punishment, low maternal educational aspirations for the youth, maternal possessiveness, maternal verbal abuse, and childhood physical and sexual abuse were associated with increased offspring risk for suicide attempts
during late
adolescence or
early adulthood after all of the covariates were
controlled (Table 2).
Smoking
during pregnancy has been shown to predict antisocial behavior
during later childhood and
adolescence.36 — 40 Our results show that it predicts high levels of physical aggression in infancy after having
controlled for many of the confounding variables that could explain the association, eg, antisocial behavior, low education, postpartum depression, and
early parenthood.
This article examined the effects of Preparing for the Drug Free Years (PDFY)[now called Guiding Good Choices], the Iowa Strengthening Families Program (ISFP), and a minimal - contact
control condition on enhance growth in or maintenance of family norms against alcohol and other drug use and proactive family management, and to reduce or curb the growth in family conflict and that it would improve or help to maintain adolescents» likelihood of resisting antisocial influence from peers as well as reduce or curb the growth in alcohol use
during early adolescence.
The objective of this study was to test a comprehensive model of biologic (pubertal status), family (communication and conflict), and psychological influences (behavioral autonomy) on diabetes management and glycemic
control in a sample of youth (N = 226) with type 1 diabetes recruited
during late childhood /
early adolescence (ages 9 — 11 years).
There are strong increases in this function
during early childhood followed by a more progressive development
during late childhood and
adolescence, as brain processes related to executive
control become progressively more refined and efficient.
Furthermore, participants who received the intervention had a decrease in HbA1c from 8.4 % ± 1.3 % to 8.2 % ± 1.1 % compared with the deterioration from 8.3 % ± 1.0 % to 8.7 % ± 1.5 % (P <.05) observed in the
control group, as expected
during early adolescence [12].
Adding to previous evidence on the importance of
early maternal depression, maternal depressive symptoms
during infancy were related to the development of depressive symptoms in childhood and
adolescence even when other variables of potential relevance were
controlled.
Longitudinal studies that span the transition from
early to middle
adolescence can examine whether disturbed eating behavior has implications for metabolic
control during this critical period of development.