Sentences with phrase «control sequences of another gene»

Not exact matches

Using gene - sequencing technology, researchers established that the precise segment of the pup's DNA «switched on» by the act of grooming was the part that controlled the future function of the hippocampus, which processes stress hormones.

The reliability and stability of these methods were described by Wu et al. 27 Illumina tag sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V4 - V5 hypervariable region was performed at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, using established methods.28, 29 Details of sequencing methods, quality control and filtering, and statistical modeling are presented in the eAppendix in the Supplement.

These changes, known as epigenetic modifications, control the activity of our genes without changing the actual DNA sequence.

Biologists now know that the genome sequence holds only a small part of the answer, and that key elements of development and disease are controlled by the epigenome — a set of chemical modifications, not encoded in DNA, that orchestrate how and when genes are expressed.

The pilot project tested a dozen or so of the most commonly used gene promoters (regions of DNA that facilitate gene transcription) and segments of DNA that encode ribosome - binding sites (sequences of messenger RNA that control protein translation) to determine whether they behave consistently in different cellular contexts.

One aspect of gene regulation involves enzymes placing chemical tags or modifications on histone proteins — which control a cell's access to the DNA sequences that make up a gene.

Molecular geneticists dream of having a similarly comprehensive view of networks that control genes: For example, they would like to identify rules explaining how a single DNA sequence can express different proteins, or varying amounts of protein, in different circumstances (see p. 80).

Berninger and others have previously shown that Sox2, Ascl1, and other transcription factors — proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to control the activity of genes — can induce the nonneuronal «support cells» known as glia to turn into neurons.

That's why sequencing the genome was important, he said, because it will help identify all the genes and enzymes in the genome needed for hydrocarbon production and control of this production.

«The fact that the genetic code can simultaneously write two kinds of information means that many DNA changes that appear to alter protein sequences may actually cause disease by disrupting gene control programs or even both mechanisms simultaneously,» said Stamatoyannopoulos.

«The elephant results revealed noncoding sequences in the human genome that we predict may control gene activity and reduce the formation of mutations and cancer.»

DNA methylation, one mechanism of epigenetics, is a chemical tag on DNA that does not change the gene sequence but is involved in controlling gene expression.

«Previous techniques that have been used to investigate DNA control sequences usually rely on sorting cells one by one and measuring gene activity in each of them,» says Dr Eva Yus, lead author of the paper.

Publishing their findings in the open - access journal Nature Communications, the researchers discovered DNA sequences for «control dials» that consistently produce very high levels of gene activity.

But it's very difficult if we don't have information about the optimum sequences for controlling genes,» says Dr Jae - Seong Yang, co-author of the study.

Still unclear is how the methuselah gene mutation makes flies more stress - resistant, but the amino acid sequence of the protein it makes may be part of a signaling pathway that controls how well cells resist or repair these stresses.

They also demonstrated significant advantages of editing gene regulatory sequences in their native location to uncover new functionalities that could lead to a better understanding of how control switches work to turn genes on and off in the body.

Using sophisticated genetic sequencing technology, King and Yin identified a common set of genes that are controlled by a shared network of genetic regulators known as microRNAs.

Gore and her colleagues believe these effects are epigenetic; that is, rather than inducing genetic mutations, which would change the sequence of the rats» DNA, the fungicide is permanently silencing or reprogramming normal genes that control development and behavior.

The readability of genes is controlled by epigenetic factors, namely factors which do not influence the gene sequence directly, but rather cause certain genes and chromosomal segments to be packed in different densities — and thus make them accessible for reading.

By sequencing genomes, scientists can find out all the genes controlling inheritable traits of an organism.

Sequencing the genome and assessing gene activity in various tissues in the tsetse fly led to new insights into its biology and the control of parasitic diseases transmitted by this insect.

Scientists have known for years that the genome is riddled with sequences that control gene activity and is not just made up of genes.

In particular, the comparison of gene sequences in large numbers of patients and controls will be a key step in strategies for disease gene identification.

Significant differences were also discovered between the centenarians and the two control groups when their genotype frequencies were compared, in other words, the proportion of individuals with a specific gene sequence.

In response to growing criticism about the lack of access to influenza data, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, on 22 August made public the sequence of more than 650 genes from flu viruses isolated in the United States.

Recent studies have found elevated levels of this protein in post-mortem brain samples of patients with MS.. In this latest work, investigators compared the frequencies of «more active» and «less active» variants of the DNA sequences that control expression of the galanin gene between healthy controls and MS patients.

This is the first study in human trials to identify genes driving acute peanut allergic reactions using a double - blind placebo - controlled approach with comprehensive sequencing of genes expressed before, during, and after they ingested peanut.

The findings are especially important as they highlight the discovery of a regulatory sequence, termed the J element, that controls class I gene expression of many more genes than the counterparts that regulate class II gene expression.

Natural gene sequences have been shaped in response to many different evolutionary pressures, but are rarely optimal for aspects of «biotechnological fitness,» such as maximized protein yield or optimal expression control.

This research shows that the organisation and control of genes can not be understood by just looking at the linear sequence of DNA in the genome.

These sequences in our DNA are often situated far away from the actual genes they regulate, in comparison to so called promoter regions, which traditionally have been considered to control most of the gene activity.

We understand control of genes only partly, and the sequence is a powerful new tool.

Here, we identified genes controlling greening directly downstream of the GATAs by integrating data from RNA - sequencing and microarray data sets.

The ZFNs targeting either the cxcr4 or ccr5 genes were linked via a 2A peptide sequence and cloned into the pAdEasy - 1 / F35 vector under control of the CMV TetO promoter, and the Ad5 / F35 virus for each construct was generated using TREx 293T cells as described [33].

«Oil palm genome sequence reveals divergence of interfertile species in Old and New worlds» and «The oil palm SHELL gene controls oil yield and encodes a homologue of SEEDSTICK» will be published online ahead of print in Nature on Wednesday, July 24, 2013.

Interestingly, the results of our promoter analysis for all these genes revealed that 9 of 17 genes (COL13A1, CSF3, FSCN1, HG18, LTBP1, PELI1, PLOD2, SCNN1A, and TNFSF10) have perfectly matched consensus sequences of KLF4 binding site on the promoter regions, suggesting a potential possibility of controlling these genes by KLF4 although it is not clear whether these genes are cause or consequence of brain metastasis at this point.

Whole - exome sequencing of 238 African American subjects identified 6 rare missense variants within the EOAD genes, which were observed in AD cases but never among controls.

Remember that a gene is a set of instructions, spelled using the chemical «letters» A, C, G and T. Each gene has a different sequence of letters, and cells use zinc - containing proteins to help control individual genes based on their specific sequence of letters.

When zinc hooks up with a gene - controlling protein, it forms «zinc finger proteins» - so called because they can poke into the tight groove between the two strands of DNA and touch the sequence they're made for.

The National Human Genome Research Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health, has awarded $ 9.1 million over four years to a research team led by the University of Chicago to identify all regulatory elements, the DNA sequences that control when and where specific genes get turned on or off, in the fruit fly genome.

Collaborating with the labs of Salk Professors Joseph Ecker and Alan Saghatelian, the Izpisua Belmonte team performed extensive characterization of the new cells and found rsPSCs showed distinct molecular and metabolic characteristics as well as novel epigenetic signatures — that is, patterns of chemical modifications to DNA that control which genes are turned on or off without changing the DNA sequence.

When scientists at the University of Delhi in India took soil samples from a pesticide dump and compared them with samples from a cleaner control site, they reported that the soil from the waste site contained a higher concentration of gene sequences from certain bacterial groups, such as Pseudomonas, Novosphingobium and Sphingomonas, that are known to degrade common pesticides like hexachlorocyclohexane.

In these studies, sequence data from several thousands of individuals is compared to find disease - associated genes where cases have a higher load of genetic variants that are likely to disturb gene function, compared to the controls.

Hypothetical roles of the methyltransferase could involve any of the following: 1) the epigenetic control of differential pir gene expression in acute and chronic infections50, 2) the sequence may have a role in genome stability and recombination, or 3) this could be a selfish gene that was able to transpose.

PULLMAN — Researchers at Washington State University have identified a new class of DNA sequence variation in gene promoter regions that could help control the activity of genes.The novel variations, dubbed «multiple nucleotide length polymorphisms,» or MNLPs, altered transcription of the genes they were associated with as much as 11-fold.

The application of transgenesis and other genetic methods - in conjunction with total genome sequence and database information on gene expression patterns, morphological changes during development, and mutant phenotypes - should significantly enhance our ability to unravel the multilayered networks that control gene expression and differentiation.

Developed in collaboration with the Laboratory Medicine, Information Technology and Health Science Research departments of Mayo Clinic Geneticist Assistant NGS Interpretative Workbench, is a web - based tool for the control, visualization, interpretation and historical knowledge base of next generation sequencing data targeted at specific genes for the purpose of identifying potentially pathogenic variants associated with specific conditions such as hereditary colon cancer.

Dr. Loftus» current research integrates the identification of these types of epigenetic modifications that mark the melanocyte regulatory genomic landscape with regulatory protein and transcription factor chromatin - binding domains, thus defining groups of non-coding DNA sequences utilized in the control of melanocyte gene expression.

When bred to mice with a cre recombinase gene under the control of a promoter of interest, the STOP sequence of the targeted gene is deleted in the tissue of interest, and EYFP expression is observed.