Sentences with phrase «controlled study including»

They stated that the effectiveness of the intervention should be confirmed in a randomized controlled study including a control group.

The randomized, double - blind, placebo - controlled study included 100 participants who took 240 mg of vitamin B6 immediately before bed for five consecutive nights.

This cross-sectional, prospective, unmatched case — control study included 206 fathers of children with DDs and 207 fathers of healthy children.

Not exact matches

The study, which included 88 leaders and their subordinates, asked leaders to complete surveys at the beginning of each workday for two weeks, which asked about their sleep the night before and their self - control at that moment.

In terms of the methods, there are a number of smaller scale studies, many of which did not include active control groups.

A recent study published in the American Sociological Review clearly showed that, in a white collar environment, allowing workers some control over their own schedules, including being able to work from home, had a positive effect on employees» work - family balance without sacrificing productivity.

The DXCD feasibility study will apparently include test deployments of the currency in «controlled environments.»

The principal thesis of the study is that habits of prayer, ascetical practices, including the mortification of the flesh, frequent confession, and the control of sexual fantasies are all essential to chastity and to the overall pastoral effectiveness of the priest.

The double - blind, placebo - controlled study, conducted by Glyn Howatson and Phillip G. Bell at Northumbria University in the UK, involved 16 well - trained male cyclists who were divided into two groups: one consuming Montmorency tart cherry juice and the other a placebo beverage including an equal amount of carbohydrates.

Recent research has been conducted by third - party university professors and affiliated laboratories, and included a field survey and controlled laboratory studies that investigated and provided evidence to support the cleanliness of corrugated packaging.

The Nurse - Family Partnership has been studied in three separate randomized controlled trials, which have shown positive effects on the mothers, including reduced incidence of child abuse, arrest, and welfare enrollment.

Students at Elm City (86 percent of whom qualify for free or reduced - price lunch) now control their schedule and follow their own personal interests in their learning much more than they used to, and they have more autonomy in the subjects they study, including daily «enrichment» courses in robotics, dance, and tae kwon do.

The study's lead author, Elizabeth Hatch, said, «We found positive associations between intake of sugar - sweetened beverages and lower fertility, which were consistent after controlling for many other factors, including obesity, caffeine intake, alcohol, smoking and overall diet quality.»

This study employed accepted research methodology, including a randomized control group and a sufficient sample size.

He points to research by a Stanford University researcher, Allan K. Mishra, who has studied PRP for years, whose in his most recent published research includes a large multicenter study [8] involving a host of well - respected orthopedic surgeons around the country who followed 230 patients in a double - blind randomized control study [the gold standard for medical research].

Twenty - one studies, including two random controlled trials and nineteen observational studies, were used to compare nurse - midwifery outcomes to those by physicians.

The strengths of the study include the ability to compare outcomes by the woman's planned place of birth at the start of care in labour, the high participation of midwifery units and trusts in England, the large sample size and statistical power to detect clinically important differences in adverse perinatal outcomes, the minimisation of selection bias through achievement of a high response rate and absence of self selection bias due to non-consent, the ability to compare groups that were similar in terms of identified clinical risk (according to current clinical guidelines) and to further increase the comparability of the groups by conducting an additional analysis restricted to women with no complicating conditions identified at the start of care in labour, and the ability to control for several important potential confounders.

The study included two control groups — a group of babies who were given early supplementation while being breastfed and a group of babies who were exclusively breastfed with no supplementation.

Researchers concerned with academic - achievement gaps have begun to study, with increasing interest and enthusiasm, a set of personal qualities — often referred to as noncognitive skills, or character strengths — that include resilience, conscientiousness, optimism, self - control, and grit.

A 2014 study [1] by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), a part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), found that only about a quarter (24.8 %) of youth aged 12 to 15 years engaged in moderate - to - vigorous physical activity, including activities both in school and outside of school, for at least 60 minutes daily.

REVIEW METHODS: We included systematic reviews / meta - analyses, randomized and non-randomized comparative trials, prospective cohort, and case - control studies on the effects of breastfeeding and relevant outcomes published in the English language.

A well - designed experimental study isolates those variables that concern us, and contrasts them with a control condition that doesn't include those variables.

This updated review now includes 100 randomised controlled studies involving more than 83,246 women.

Limitations of the study included low response rate for control families, higher socioeconomic status in participants vs. nonparticipants, possible residual confounding despite multivariate analysis, and possible recall bias because of retrospective design.

A series of randomized control trials of a nurse home visitation program show a range of positive effects on maternal health, including decreases in prenatal cigarette smoking, fewer hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, and fewer closely spaced subsequent pregnancies., A randomized control study of another program that works with a particularly high - risk population found that participant mothers showed significantly lower depressive symptoms than those in the control group and were less likely to report feeling stressed a year after participation.

We searched for randomised controlled trials on 30 June 2016 and 1 July 2016 and found 10 studies (23 reports) to include in our review.

Controlled clinical trials and observational studies including an internal comparison group

Eleven studies were in conducted in developing countries, including the two controlled trials in Honduras, and 12 were in developed countries

A study by the Center for Disease Control found that maintaining a good humidity level between 43 % and 60 % assists in preventing germ movement, including the flu virus.

The first was published in 2004 by Kwan et al15 and included 14 case - control studies.

But all studies that were evaluated included comparisons between parent - child book reading intervention groups who received training, supportive materials or other encouraging services, and control groups that did not.

Studies had to be case control for the purpose of the statistical analysis; have breastfeeding as a measured exposure and leukemia as a measured outcome; include data on breastfeeding duration in months, including but not limited to, 6 months or more (where relevant data were unavailable in the publication, the authors of the studies were contacted); and been published in peer - reviewed journals with full text available in EStudies had to be case control for the purpose of the statistical analysis; have breastfeeding as a measured exposure and leukemia as a measured outcome; include data on breastfeeding duration in months, including but not limited to, 6 months or more (where relevant data were unavailable in the publication, the authors of the studies were contacted); and been published in peer - reviewed journals with full text available in Estudies were contacted); and been published in peer - reviewed journals with full text available in English.

To examine whether improved room ventilation by use of a fan or an open window affects the risk of SIDS, we analyzed data from a population - based case - control study of risk factors for SIDS that included detailed information on sleep environment.

Study Selection To be included in the meta - analyses, studies had to be case control; include breastfeeding as a measured exposure and leukemia as a measured outcome; include data on breastfeeding duration in months; and be published in a peer - reviewed journal with full text available in English.

In this meta - analysis of published (1995 - 2011) case - control studies examining the relationship between breastfeeding and childhood leukemia, all analyses, except the subanalysis for AML alone, which was not statistically significant, showed that being breastfed for at least 6 months compared with less than that or not at all was significantly associated with a 14 % to 20 % lower risk for childhood leukemia, with a 20 % lower risk when all selected 17 studies were included in the analysis.

To be included in the meta - analyses, studies had to be case control; include breastfeeding as a measured exposure and leukemia as a measured outcome; include data on breastfeeding duration in months; and be published in a peer - reviewed journal with full text available in English.

The 17 studies included in the meta - analysis provided a total of 9650 leukemia cases and 16526 control individuals for which there were breastfeeding data that could be analyzed.

When the explanation was missing, we were concerned the study may be including all women who were removed from the water for exclusion criteria in the control group.

Thirteen of the 17 included studies reported response rates for cases ranging between 47 % and 98 %, and 10 studies reported response rates for control individuals ranging from 71 % to 95 %.

Physical punishment is associated with a range of mental health problems in children, youth and adults, including depression, unhappiness, anxiety, feelings of hopelessness, use of drugs and alcohol, and general psychological maladjustment.26 — 29 These relationships may be mediated by disruptions in parent — child attachment resulting from pain inflicted by a caregiver, 30,31 by increased levels of cortisol32 or by chemical disruption of the brain's mechanism for regulating stress.33 Researchers are also finding that physical punishment is linked to slower cognitive development and adversely affects academic achievement.34 These findings come from large longitudinal studies that control for a wide range of potential confounders.35 Intriguing results are now emerging from neuroimaging studies, which suggest that physical punishment may reduce the volume of the brain's grey matter in areas associated with performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition (WAIS - III).36 In addition, physical punishment can cause alterations in the dopaminergic regions associated with vulnerability to the abuse of drugs and alcohol.37

That is a study that controls for many of the other factors, including exercise and other conditions that would affect the mother's weight loss.

Many parents who supplement — including I'm sure those in this study's control group — overfeed their babies incredibly, either without realizing it or because they are unwittingly instructed to do so by health professionals.

We included control variables consistent with relevant studies: maternal age (18 — 24, 25 — 35, ≥ 35 years)[6, 11], marital status (married and unmarried)[6, 29], maternal education (high school graduate or less, some college education, and college graduate or higher)[19].

Two later studies not included in these meta - analyses reported equivalent or even larger protective associations.265, 266 The mechanism for this apparent strong protective effect is still unclear, but lowered arousal thresholds, favorable modification of autonomic control during sleep, and maintaining airway patency during sleep have been proposed.247, 267, — , 270 It is common for the pacifier to fall from the mouth soon after the infant falls asleep; even so, the protective effect persists throughout that sleep period.247, 271 Two studies have shown that pacifier use is most protective when used for all sleep periods.169, 266 However, these studies also showed increased risk of SIDS when the pacifier was usually used but not used the last time the infant was placed for sleep; the significance of these findings is yet unclear.

The most recent study report described in these same regions decreased tissue levels of 5 - HT and tryptophan hydroxylase, the synthesizing enzyme for serotonin, and no evidence of excessive serotonin degradation as assessed by levels of 5 - hydroxyindoleacetic acid (the main metabolite of serotonin) or ratios of 5 - hydroxyindoleacetic acid to serotonin.30 A recent article described a significant association between a decrease in medullary 5 - HT1A receptor immunoreactivity and specific SIDS risk factors, including tobacco smoking.40 These data confirm results from earlier studies in humans39, 41 and are also consistent with studies in piglets that revealed that postnatal exposure to nicotine decreases medullary 5 - HT1A receptor immunoreactivity.42 Animal studies have revealed that serotonergic neurons located in the medullary raphe and adjacent paragigantocellularis lateralis play important roles in many autonomic functions including the control of respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, thermoregulation, sleep and arousal, and upper airway patency.

At all ages, control infants were breastfed at higher rates than SIDS victims, and the protective effect of partial or exclusive breastfeeding remained statistically significant after adjustment for confounders.244 A recent meta - analysis that included 18 case - control studies revealed an unadjusted summary OR for any breastfeeding of 0.40 (95 % CI: 0.35 — 0.44).

These limitations and complexities include bias in socioeconomic class and other environmental and genetic factors that are difficult to control, particularly in small studies.

A Scottish case - control study of SIDS [55] included in the cases of «bedsharing deaths» not only those infants found dead in an adult bed, but also infants who died in a cot but who had been in their parents bed previously the same night, while a recent Irish case - control study [56] included sofasharing deaths in the bedsharing definition.

In order to avoid «double counting» in studies involving one control group and two different interventions groups, we split the control group number of events and participants in half, so that we could include two independent comparisons, as per methods described the Handbook [section16.5.4].

For the other six studies undertaken in settings with Baby Friendly accreditation, study interventions were additional to care that met Baby Friendly standards and were received by everyone at the hospital including all the study participants in the intervention and control groups.