Sentences with phrase «controlling for the effects»

I then adjust the rates to control for the effect of changes in rocket warhead sizes from one conflict to another.

Future birth cohort studies should control for the effects of mode of delivery when investigating environmental modifiers of food allergy.»

For example, in one study of SIDS cases, the risk of sharing a bed became statistically insignificant after researchers controlled for the effects of recent maternal alcohol consumption, infant duvet use, overcrowding, and parental tiredness (Blair 2006).

This is because these factors may act as mediators and may explain the difference between home and hospital birth, and therefore holding them constant would have led to controlling for the effect of planned place of birth on PPH.

This is consistent with other studies demonstrating a link between breastfeeding and maternal sensitivity.25, 26,27 For example, in a longitudinal study of more than 1300 families in the USA, mothers who breast fed were observed to be more sensitive to their babies at 6, 15, 24 and 36 months.27 Importantly, this difference persisted after statistical control for the effects of maternal mental health, the quality of the home environment in terms of infant health and stimulation and socioeconomic status.

If this is the case, and racial and ethnic groups do not have the same distribution of these characteristics, then including controls for these effects might reduce or eliminate differences in award probability.

The result remained significant even after controlling for the effects of mathematical ability and gender.

In order to control for effects of the transfer process per se, I also carried out transfers of neonates obtained from crosses with mothers of one Mstn genotype to foster mothers of the same Mstn genotype.

To control for the effects of the tail beating and the visual cues from the robot, additional tests are performed in which the robot is beating its tail at a constant frequency in a fixed position in the tank or is completely absent.

Greater cortical thinning similarity was observed between nodes (regions) within the same functional system than with nodes of other systems, controlling for effects of age and baseline cortical thickness.

When we controlled for the effect of plant - based protein, there was no change in the association between protein intake and mortality, indicating that high levels of animal proteins promote mortality and not that plant - based proteins have a protective effect» and for people aged 66 +, all - cause mortality...... «was not affected by percent calories from fat, from carbohydrates, or from animal protein.»

When we controlled for the effect of plant - based protein, there was no change in the association between protein intake and mortality, indicating that high levels of animal proteins promote mortality.»

As compelling as this study is, it can't completely control for the effects of diet.

[2 marks] 0 3 Apart from using random allocation, suggest one way in which the psychologist might have improved this study by controlling for the effects of extraneous variables.

Before we can test hypotheses, we must control for the effects of family background and the level of resources devoted to education.

The authors — economists and a political scientist from the U.S. and Germany — have created a framework that controls for the effects of a large set of student, family, school, and country characteristics.

This path analytic technique allows for testing the validity of causal inferences for pairs of variables while controlling for the effects of other variables.

Larger schools with high - poverty student populations are most likely to experience limited leadership — even when we control for the effects of school level and urbanicity.

Further, the percentage of minority students predicted math achievement, and girls outperformed boys in reading, but after controlling for these effects, differentiated instruction remained a significant, positive predictor of math and reading achievement.

Even so, after controlling for that effect statistically, teachers» reports that they differentiated instruction were related positively and significantly to students» math and reading achievement.

However, at the same time you need to keep some perspective and look into other reasons for the apparent difference, e.g. by controlling for the effects of ENSO.

I want to throw this out as additional «evidence for»: the fact that observed trends over the past 16 years are consistent with longer - term trends when one simply controls for the effect of ENSO.

Generally, the more features, the better, because we can control for the effects.5 For example, we should probably know something about the seriousness of a charge.

HT was adapted from the Glencoe Health Curriculum (McGraw Hill, 2005) and is designed to control for the effects of a positive adult instructor, peer group experience, attention, and time.

Even after controlling for the effects of parent substance use, siblings are four times more likely to smoke if their older sibling smokes, and are twice as likely to drink alcohol if an older sibling does.

These associations remained significant after controlling for the effects of mental disorders.

Offspring of depressed parents demonstrate impairment in a variety of domains, even after controlling for the effects of their own psychopathology.

One of the English reading tests was on a general topic, and the other required specific background knowledge to control for the effects of topic familiarity.

The design of this study provides a control for the effects of the child's IQ and the parents» attitudes, because neither was likely to change over the course of a school year.

The negative association that we found between health and depressive symptoms held even after controlling for the effect of the partner's health.

Family adversity was statistically significantly associated with one or more of the child health and health behaviour outcomes, even after controlling for the effect of other family adversity measures.

«The indication that posttraumatic symptoms were no longer associated with child abuse, across all categories, after statistically controlling for the effect of perceived parental empathy might appear surprising at first, as trauma symptoms are commonly conceived of as connected to specifically terrorizing aspects of maltreatment (e.g., Wind & Silvern, 1994).

The results showed that each individual adversity factor had a statistically significant association with one or more of the child health and health behaviour outcomes, even after controlling for the effect of other family adversity measures.

Finally, we controlled for the effects of socioeconomic status given that it has been found to be a robust predictor of children's conduct problems (e.g., D'Onofrio et al. 2009).

A whole - brain regression using AFNI's 3dRegana was conducted to identify areas showing a main effect of pubertal status on response to rejection and / or acceptance controlling for the effects of chronological age.

For example, weeping frequency has been found to be positively associated with neuroticism (De Fruyt, 1997), even when controlling for the effects of gender and age.

Those families who had to wait at least 6 weeks before the treatment started (n = 11) received waitlist assessments, to control for the effects of time and repeated assessments.

Odds ratios were calculated for the effect of the parent's diagnosis on the child's diagnosis, controlling for the effect of the co-parent's diagnosis.

The results of the regression analyses were virtually identical when controlling for the effect of intelligence on the model variables.

Results: After controlling for the effects of age, sex and duration of pain, depressive symptoms were most strongly correlated with a combination of catastrophising, sense of control over life, physical disability, pain self - efficacy beliefs, higher use of unhelpful self - management strategies and lower perceived social support.

Next, partial correlations were performed to better understand the association between youth - reported BGM affect and glycemic control by controlling for the effects of youth - reported diabetes - specific family conflict and youth - reported psychosocial quality of life.

Although our analytic method controls for the effects of health selection into marriage that are time - invariant, health effects on selection out of marriage are still present.

NNNS, parenting stress, and parent psychopathology self - report scores each showed significant unique relations to IBQ ratings after controlling for effects of gender, SES, and study site.

In such a study, the lesser substance using twin becomes the control for the effects of substance abuse seen in the heavier using co-twin.

Results of hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that sibling attachment uniquely influenced conflict and cooperation in the sibling relationship even after controlling for the effects of attachment to mothers, fathers and peers, as well as the reported warmth between siblings.

A within - group waitlist was used to control for the effects of time and repeated measurement.

In testing the model, we controlled for the effects of current affect.

When one tests for the presence of a moderational effect with multiple regression, one examines whether an interaction between two variables (one independent variable and a moderator) is a significant predictor of an outcome variable, after controlling for the effect of the two predictors.

The results for pubertal status and age are strikingly similar, indicating that after controlling for the effect of all the other variables in the regression model, the impact of life events on depression is significantly greater in the pubertal girls (sex × pubertal status [age] × life events interaction).

To address these issues in the present study, ADHD symptoms, IQ, age, pubertal stage and substance use will be included as covariates in order to control for their effects.