According to Gupta, who is part of the research team, StimuFrac consistently outperformed conventional fluids used for hydraulic fracturing and «is believed to have lower critical pore invasion pressure that provides further advantage over
conventional fracking fluids.»
Not exact matches
«By measuring naturally occurring ammonium and iodide in numerous samples from different geological formations in the Appalachian Basin, including flowback waters from shale gas wells in the Marcellus and Fayetteville shale formations, we show that
fracking fluids are not much different from
conventional oil and gas wastes,» said Jennifer S. Harkness, lead author of the study and a PhD student at Duke's Nicholas School of the Environment.
«It's not only
fracking fluids that pose a risk; produced water from
conventional, or non-fracked, oil and gas wells also contains high levels of radium, which is a radioactive element.
Fluid injection can occur with
conventional oil and gas extraction methods, which extract fuel from underground pools, and with unconventional methods like
fracking, which recover oil and gas from small voids in rocks.
They looked both at wells used for enhanced oil recovery — in which
fluid is injected to flush lingering oil from a depleted reservoir — and at those used to dispose of wastewater from
conventional oil and gas extraction or from hydraulic fracturing (
fracking).