Sentences with phrase «cooler than the surface temperature»

In fact, by the end of the 20th century, some are as much as 0.3 degrees cooler than the surface temperature record.

In fact, by the end of the 20th century, some are as much as 0.3 degrees cooler than the surface temperature record.

Not exact matches

Most of this outer atmosphere has a temperature of around 9,000 degrees Fahrenheit, which is 1,000 to 2,000 degrees cooler than the sun's surface temperature.

By measuring the remaining difference — the 20,000 - year old ice deep in the West Antarctic ice sheet is about 1 degree Celsius cooler than the surface — the scientists were able to estimate the original temperature based on how fast pure ice warms up.

Sea surface temperatures in the Central Pacific and North Atlantic were cooler than normal, which lead to increased rainfall across the southern Amazon in the months preceding the fire season.

But sea surface temperatures in tropical areas are now warmer during today's La Niña years (when the water is typically cooler) than during El Niño events 40 years ago, says study coauthor Terry Hughes, a coral researcher at James Cook University in Townsville, Australia.

Its temperature is about 550 kelvin — somewhat cooler than the surface of Venus.

Past eclipses have revealed that the corona's temperature distribution is patchy: rather than a smooth transition from relatively cool to sizzling hot, the corona has areas of higher and cooler temperatures that don't seem to depend on their proximity to the sun's surface.

The research published in Nature Communications found that in the past, when ocean temperatures around Antarctica became more layered - with a warm layer of water below a cold surface layer - ice sheets and glaciers melted much faster than when the cool and warm layers mixed more easily.

Temperatures on its surface run about 2,800 degrees Celsius (5,000 degrees Fahrenheit) cooler than on our sun.

«Because the TRAPPIST - 1 star is very old and dim, the surfaces of the planets have relatively cool temperatures by planetary standards, ranging from 400 degrees Kelvin (260 degrees Fahrenheit), which is cooler than Venus, to 167 degrees Kelvin -LRB--159 degrees Fahrenheit), which is colder than Earth's poles,» Barr said.

Starspots (like sunspots) are dark blotches on a star's surface where the temperature is a little cooler than the surrounding area.

Astronomers used NASA's Fermi Gamma - ray Space Telescope to examine J1311 and found that the side of the star facing the pulsar was heated to more than 21,000 degrees Fahrenheit — more than twice as hot as the sun's surface — while the cooler side was glowing at a temperature of 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit, which is almost half the sun's surface temperature.

Cooler than normal sea surface temperatures (blue shades) were developing in the tropical Pacific Ocean during October, signaling the possible development of La Nina.

It was discovered that Venus» slow rotational period of 117 Earth days, in conjunction with the ancient analogue of our Sun used in the study, combined to create a hospitable surface temperature only a few degrees cooler than the temperature on present - day Earth.

The new study used calculations and models to show that the cooling from this change caused surface temperatures to increase about 25 percent more slowly than they would have otherwise, due only to the increases in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

La Niña is the positive phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation and is associated with cooler than average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.

Because the wavelength of emitted EM radiation varies with the temperature of the source, it does so in the form of longer - wave IR than that received from the Sun — the Earth's surface is significantly cooler than that of the Sun.

We have estimated that air temperature near the surface, globally averaged, was 3 - 4 degrees C. (5 - 7 degrees F.) cooler than today.

However, sea surface temperatures on average were only about 2 degrees Celsius (3.5 degrees Fahrenheit) cooler than today.

Surface temperatures in parts of Europe appear to have have averaged nearly 1 °C below the 20th century mean during multidecadal intervals of the late 16th and late 17th century (and with even more extreme coolness for individual years), though most reconstructions indicate less than 0.5 °C cooling relative to 20th century mean conditions for the Northern Hemisphere as a whole.

Well, this cools the tropics and cuts in to the potential for a super greenhouse effect where the rate of downwelling longwave increases relative to surface temperature more rapidly than upwelling longwave.

Temperature tends to respond so that, depending on optical properties, LW emission will tend to reduce the vertical differential heating by cooling warmer parts more than cooler parts (for the surface and atmosphere); also (not significant within the atmosphere and ocean in general, but significant at the interface betwen the surface and the air, and also significant (in part due to the small heat fluxes involved, viscosity in the crust and somewhat in the mantle (where there are thick boundary layers with superadiabatic lapse rates) and thermal conductivity of the core) in parts of the Earth's interior) temperature changes will cause conduction / diffusion of heat that partly balances the differentiTemperature tends to respond so that, depending on optical properties, LW emission will tend to reduce the vertical differential heating by cooling warmer parts more than cooler parts (for the surface and atmosphere); also (not significant within the atmosphere and ocean in general, but significant at the interface betwen the surface and the air, and also significant (in part due to the small heat fluxes involved, viscosity in the crust and somewhat in the mantle (where there are thick boundary layers with superadiabatic lapse rates) and thermal conductivity of the core) in parts of the Earth's interior) temperature changes will cause conduction / diffusion of heat that partly balances the differentitemperature changes will cause conduction / diffusion of heat that partly balances the differential heating.

The increase in these winds has caused eastern tropical Pacific cooling, amplified the Californian drought, accelerated sea level rise three times faster than the global average in the Western Pacific and has slowed the rise of global average surface temperatures since 2001.

Before allowing the temperature to respond, we can consider the forcing at the tropopause (TRPP) and at TOA, both reductions in net upward fluxes (though at TOA, the net upward LW flux is simply the OLR); my point is that even without direct solar heating above the tropopause, the forcing at TOA can be less than the forcing at TRPP (as explained in detail for CO2 in my 348, but in general, it is possible to bring the net upward flux at TRPP toward zero but even with saturation at TOA, the nonzero skin temperature requires some nonzero net upward flux to remain — now it just depends on what the net fluxes were before we made the changes, and whether the proportionality of forcings at TRPP and TOA is similar if the effect has not approached saturation at TRPP); the forcing at TRPP is the forcing on the surface + troposphere, which they must warm up to balance, while the forcing difference between TOA and TRPP is the forcing on the stratosphere; if the forcing at TRPP is larger than at TOA, the stratosphere must cool, reducing outward fluxes from the stratosphere by the same total amount as the difference in forcings between TRPP and TOA.

My amateur spreadsheet tracking and projecting the monthly NASA GISS values suggests that while 2018 and 2019 are likely to be cooler than 2017, they may also be the last years on Earth with global average land and ocean surface temperature anomaly below 1C above pre-industrial average (using 1850 - 1900 proxy).

The hiatus decades were chosen based on a slight cooling trend in global surface temperatures of less than -0.08 °C per decade.

Before the response of the surface + troposphere, what allows stratospheric cooling is the TOA forcing being less than the tropopause - level forcing; both are affected by the stratospheric temperature profile.

So is the idea that the satellite measurements are of the sea surface temperature, which is predicted to be cooler than the air temperature immediately above it?

One thing I would have liked to see in the paper is a quantitative side - by - side comparison of sea - surface temperatures and upper ocean heat content; all the paper says is that only «a small amount of cooling is observed at the surface, although much less than the cooling at depth» though they do report that it is consistent with 2 - yr cooling SST trend — but again, no actual data analysis of the SST trend is reported.

A radiocarbon - dated box core in the Sargasso Sea shows that sea surface temperature was approximately 1 °C cooler than today approximately 400 years ago (the Little Ice Age) and 1700 years ago, and approximately 1 °C warmer than today 1000 years ago (the Medieval Warm Period).

While the aerosol influence last less than a decade, the influence on surface temperatures continues because of the slow mixing of cooled waters on the ocean surface.

If so I'd be inclined to answer «no» on the ground that (a) the surface of Venus is some 350 °C hotter than that of Earth, and yet (b) Venus's temperature profile is essentially the same shape as it would be if the surface of Venus were 350 °C cooler.

That warming on descent also reduces the rate of temperature decline with height which suppresses convection from the surface so that the surface on the day side then warms more than it otherwise would have done and the surface on the night side cools less quickly than it otherwise would have done..

Radiatively warmed (whether directly or indirectly through collisions) molecules are placed higher in the atmospheric column than can be explained just from their individual gas constants and once at that height have an enhanced cooling effect equal to their enhanced warming effect with a zero net effect on surface temperature.

«In regards to sea surface temperature, scientists have shown that across the board, data collected from buoys are cooler than ship - based data,» one of the study's co-authors wrote, adding, «Scientists have developed a method to correct the difference between ship and buoy measurements, and we are using this in our trend analysis.»

Until the gases reach their maximum possible temperature the surface will be a little cooler than it otherwise would have been.

On efficiency benefits in particular, according to the EPA, the surface temperature of a green roof can be as much as 90 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than the surface of a traditional rooftop.

If the surface and lower atmosphere become warmer than the temperature set by insolation, gravity and mass they will emit more energy to space, there will be more energy outgoing than incoming and the system will cool back to the earlier temperature.

If only GHG forcing is used, without aerosols, the surface temperature in the last decade or so is about 0.3 - 0.4 C higher than observations; adding in aerosols has a cooling effect of about 0.3 - 0.4 C (and so cancelling out a portion of the GHG warming), providing a fairly good match between the climate model simulations and the observations.

It pours out on the surface, fresher than full salinity sea water and super cooled with respect to the freezing temperature at the surface.

Water takes longer to heat up and cool down than does the air or land, so ocean warming is considered to be a better indicator of global warming than measurements of global atmospheric temperatures at the Earth's surface.

El Niño and La Niña years were classifed as those with MEI values of greater than 0.5 and less than -0.5, respectively (which correspond to warming or cooling effects of ~ 0.04 °C or more on the annual global surface temperature anomaly, according to Foster & Rahmstorf).

The negative phase of IPO is characterized by cooler - than - average sea surface temperatures in the Eastern Pacific, facilitating the expansion of Antarctic sea ice.

November 2016 La Niña update: Hello, lady!the sea surface temperature in the Niño3.4 region more than half a degree cooler than average?

La Niña, on the other hand, occurs when the ocean's surface temperatures are cooler than usual, and can lead to warmer temperatures throughout the Southeast, and cooler temperatures in the Northwest.

Actually, the atmosphere doesn't even delay cooling at the surface overnight either — we found that the surface temperature dropped ten times more than if it simply cooled at a direct rate without delay in cooling, and so therefore, it is not delaying cooling at the surface at all, but enhancing it.

Because the atmosphere has only a single green house gas, the surface temperature is much cooler than would otherwise be the case

Map of air temperature anomalies for December 2009, at the 925 millibar level (roughly 1,000 meters [3,000 feet] above the surface) for the region north of 30 degrees N, shows warmer than usual temperatures over the Arctic Ocean and cooler than normal temperatures over central Eurasia, the United States and southwestern Canada.

As you can see, over periods of a few decades, modeled internal variability does not cause surface temperatures to change by more than 0.3 °C, and over longer periods, such as the entire 20th Century, its transient warming and cooling influences tend to average out, and internal variability does not cause long - term temperature trends.