Sentences with phrase «cooling at the surface»

Scientists have asked: Does the buoyancy that drives plates primarily derive from plate cooling at the surface, analogous with cooling and overturning of lakes in the winter?

The deep mantle - derived buoyancy, together with plate cooling at the surface, creates negative buoyancy that together explain the observations along the East Pacific Rise and surrounding Pacific subduction zones.

Warm and saline water transported poleward cools at the surface when it reaches high latitudes and becomes denser and subsequently sinks into the deep ocean.

At the point where there is so much H2O vapor in the atmosphere that there is very little solar heating of the surface (very very far from happenning), there will also tend to be almost no net LW cooling at the surface, so a tropospheric - type lapse rate could still tend to extend down to the surface (as long as the net LW cooling is smaller than the SW heating, there will be some non-radiative flux from the surface for equilibrium conditions).

Water vapor also tends to reduce net LW cooling at the surface, which would force increased convection from the surface.

The effect which should introduce a bias in the surface temperature record is the following: The nocturnal boundary layer at light wind conditions decouples the surface from the troposphere above through cooling at the surface and building a so - called inversion (where temperature increases with height).

At night, increased clouds act to reduce outgoing LW radiation, thereby reducing cooling at the surface.

JimD, «Mike, suppose it was cool at the surface for 100 years and then warm for ten years.

Mike, suppose it was cool at the surface for 100 years and then warm for ten years.

Actually, the atmosphere doesn't even delay cooling at the surface overnight either — we found that the surface temperature dropped ten times more than if it simply cooled at a direct rate without delay in cooling, and so therefore, it is not delaying cooling at the surface at all, but enhancing it.

There is found to be cooling at the surface when H2O is effected by that downward flux.

Why would they try to minimize evaporative cooling at the surface while nearly maximizing it at the walls by use of uninsulated canvas?

Measurement of changes however is much more precise at about 1W / m2 from peak to trough — some 0.25 W / m2 cooling at the surface over the period of ARGO ocean warming.

It is better than being in vacuum such as on the moon, yes, but given the atmosphere's presence on the Earth, it is not slowing down cooling at the surface within its own parameters.

2) Most of the cooling overnight still occurs at the surface anyway, and so the atmosphere still in fact does not slow the cooling at the surface given that there's an atmosphere on top of it.

A drop in the concentration of ozone in the lower stratosphere should also produce a net cooling at the surface.

Scientists have asked: Does the buoyancy that drives plates primarily derive from plate cooling at the surface, analogous with cooling and overturning of lakes in the winter?

The deep mantle - derived buoyancy, together with plate cooling at the surface, creates negative buoyancy that together explain the observations along the East Pacific Rise and surrounding Pacific subduction zones.

Based on discussions with my colleagues Rong Zhang and Mike Winton, this seems to be a consequence of an AMOC (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation) which builds in strength when the aerosol cooling is strong, trying to balance a part of the cooling at the surface with warm waters advected in from the tropics, but also — by a process that is not particularly straightforward — cools the subsurface waters.

Not exact matches

MEETING REQUIREMENTS The York YD dual centrifugal chiller with its cooling capability meets the needs of the surface air cooling plant design at Subika

The planets orbit an «ultracool dwarf,» a star much smaller and cooler than the sun, but still possibly warm enough to allow for liquid water on the surfaces of at least two of the planets.

1) Sift the flour into a mixing bowl 2) Add the salt to the flour, mixing together 3) Add the olive oil, mixing as you add to ensure the flour envelopes the oil 4) Add warm water bit by bit until dough reaches the right consistency 5) One the dough ready, roll it into a ball, and knead well on a cool, flat surface 6) Flatten the dough with a wooden rolling pin 7) Cut into 10 cm pieces and roll them long enough and evenly 8) Place the pin - shaped dough on a well - greased baking tray 9) Bake in oven at 175 deg cel (medium heat for gas ovens) for 20 -30 minutes or until the sticks are ready (test by breaking off a small piece to check that the inside is well cooked) 10) Allow to cool for 5 minutes before serving

Basting with pan juices cools the surface of the turkey and slows down cooking, which in turn keeps the breast meat cooking at close to the same rate as the legs and thighs.

With a surface area of 12,000 m ², the distribution centre can store 11,600 pallets of 1,000 kg at different cooling and freezing temperatures.

1) Melt butter 2) Dissolve sugar in melted butter 3) Mix sugar butter mixture with self - raising flour until homogenously mixed 4) Knead cookie dough with your hands on a cool, flat surface, using a rolling pin to flatten it to 0.7 cm thickness 5) Use a round cookie cutter to cut out round pieces 6) Arrange the cookie dough pieces on a greased baking tray 7) Bake at 200 deg cel for 8 — 10 minutes or until they turn slightly golden brown 8) Spread dulce de leche on one cookie, and cover it with another cookie 9) Coat the sides of the cookie sandwich (the parts where dulce de leche is exposed) with shredded coconut

1) Mix flour, butter and icing sugar in a bowl using two knives to cut the butter until the mixture resembles fine breadcrumbs 2) Add in the egg yolks and vanilla extracts and mix well, then add iced water until the dough starts to come together 3) Shape the dough into a ball on a cool, flat, floured surface 4) Flatten dough into a disc and then wrap in plastic wrap, and chill in the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes 5) Meanwhile, peel, core and slice the apples into as thin slices as possible 6) Mix sugar and ground cinnamon powder with sliced apples and let it rest for a while 7) Pre-heat oven to 180 deg cel 8) Once dough has chilled, roll pastry dough on a sheet of parchment paper until it has expanded to the size of the tart mold (I used a rough mold the size of a large pizza) 9) Leaving at least an inch of dough free, arrange apple slices by overlapping them slightly in the shape of a circle, starting from the outermost part of the circle, until you reach the inside 10) Fold the edges of dough over the filling and then sprinkle the dough with a bit of sugar 11) Bake for about 40 - 45 minutes, or until the crust is golden brown and the apples are soft 12) Serve warm, with a side of whipped cream or ice cream (optional)

Once it's cool, cover with a plastic wrap and make sure the plastic is touching the surface of the pudding to prevent a film from forming at the top.

Cool 5 minutes on flat surface, not wire rack, to maintain temperature at bottom of pie, then cut.

Press plastic wrap directly on the surface of the puddings and let cool, then refrigerate until chilled, at least 1 hour.

Let legs cool in braising liquid, then chill until fat rises to the surface and solidifies, at least 2 hours.

When noodles are done and cooled ** lay on a flat surface and spread each one with 1/8 of the ricotta mixture, leaving approximately 2» at one end to stick when rolling.

«Clouds are one of the major feedbacks in cooling and heating the surface» of the ice, said Nate Miller, an atmospheric science graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.

The city of Los Angeles now requires that new or replaced roofs for homes and other residential buildings meet a solar reflectance index value — a measure of a materials» ability to stay cool in the sun between zero (black surface) and 100 (white)-- of at least 75 for flatter roofs and 16 for steeper ones.

While it is still possible that other factors, such as heat storage in other oceans or an increase in aerosols, have led to cooling at the Earth's surface, this research is yet another piece of evidence that strongly points to the Pacific Ocean as the reason behind a slowdown in warming.

These magmas, however, did not reach the surface to trigger a catastrophic eruption but instead slowly cooled at depth and hardened into plutonic rock.

Brighter regions at night indicate surfaces that retain more heat from the previous day than surrounding surfaces, just as grassy fields cool off at night while buildings in the city remain warmer.

The climatic change at issue is known as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), a periodic cycle of warming and cooling of surface temperatures in the North Atlantic.

«These strategies range from lighter colored roofs or road surfaces» that could reflect sunlight, cooling cities, «to something as controversial as putting particles high in the stratosphere,» explains Ken Caldeira, a climate modeler at the Carnegie Institution's Department of Global Ecology at Stanford University.

At any given time, clouds cover about 70 percent of the Earth's surface and together produce a net cooling effect on the planet.

The planet, located at least 1,000 light - years from Earth in the constellation Lyra, is too cool for heat from the planet's surface to explain the vivid patch.

Asteroid surfaces heat up during the day (as illustrated by this image) and cool down at night, giving off radiation that can act as a sort of mini-thruster.

Surface waters become warm enough (in spring) or cool enough (in autumn) to reach 4 ° Celsius, the temperature at which these waters become dense and sink toward the lake's bottom, mixing the waters.

Magma from the mantle forms oceanic crust when it rises from the mantle to the surface at spreading centers and cools into the rock that forms the very bottom of the seafloor.

Water must have been present at the time of impact for it to be sealed into the moon, Saal notes, or it at least arrived before the moon's surface had time to cool and solidify.

At the same time the surface and the atmosphere emit infrared radiation back to space, which produces cooling.

Perhaps, then, the moon's cooling was more complicated than hypothesized, with different portions of the surface cooling at different times.

The latter theory is analogous to cooking oatmeal: Heat at the bottom causes the oatmeal to rise, and heat loss along the top surface cools the oatmeal, causing it to sink.

But sea surface temperatures in tropical areas are now warmer during today's La Niña years (when the water is typically cooler) than during El Niño events 40 years ago, says study coauthor Terry Hughes, a coral researcher at James Cook University in Townsville, Australia.

The yellow green areas show volcanic basalt that cooled at Vesta's surface.

In a matter of seconds, when you put the food in the fryer, water starts evaporating, vapors form and escape the surface, oil penetration starts, and heat begins to rise while at the same time there's evaporative cooling off at different points in the food.