Sentences with phrase «coral calcification rates»

* The rising CO2 content of the atmosphere may induce very small changes in the well - buffered ocean chemistry (pH) that could slightly reduce coral calcification rates; but potential positive effects of hydrospheric CO2 enrichment may more than compensate for this modest negative phenomenon.

Annual coral calcification rates.

Not exact matches

Emerging evidence for variability in the coral calcification response to acidification, geographical variation in bleaching susceptibility and recovery, responses to past climate change, and potential rates of adaptation to rapid warming supports an alternative scenario in which reef degradation occurs with greater temporal and spatial heterogeneity than current projections suggest.

Previous studies showed that the coral calcification process has a diel rhythmic cycle of increasing rates towards midday, and then decreasing towards dusk (Gutner - Hoch et al., 2016; Schneider et al., 2009).

The calcification rate values (µmol CaCO3 h − 1 cm − 2) were calculated according to the equation: Δ A T 2 ∗ V chamber − V coral T ∗ A coral where ΔAT is the difference in Total Alkalinity (AT) measured between the beginning and the end the incubation period, V is the volume of the chamber or the coral fragment, T is the duration of the incubation and A is the coral surface area.

Another important element affecting calcification rates of corals is the calcium carbonate saturation state of the mineral aragonite (Cohen et al., 2009; Gattuso et al., 1998; Marshall & Clode, 2002).

Following the concept that seawater Ωarag is a function of CO 3 2 − and calcium ion -LRB-[Ca2 +]-RRB- concentrations (Cyronak, Schulz & Jokiel, 2016), Longdon et al. (2000) and Marshall & Clode (2002) showed that exposing scleractinian corals to seawater with high calcium concentrations induces high calcification rates.

This decreases the rate and amount of calcification among many marine organisms that build external skeletons and shells, ranging from plankton to shellfish to reef - building corals.

Calcification rates for individual coral cores standardized such that the long - term average for each record is equal to 1 g / cm2 / year.

A growing number of studies have demonstrated adverse impacts on marine organisms, including decreases in rates of coral calcification, reduced ability of algae and zooplankton to maintain protective shells, and reduced survival of larval marine shellfish and fish [13], [14], [15].