But another statistic was barely noted, except by specialists: the department predicted that the use of
corn by the ethanol industry would also decrease 10 percent in the forecast year, to 4.5 billion bushels.
Not exact matches
Due to the demands of
ethanol production, the
corn ETF ($ KORN) is also influenced
by what crude costs.
A few years later, LifeLine Foods and ICM Inc., the world leader in
ethanol facility design and engineering, formed a joint venture to transform the
corn mill into the country's first
corn - processing plant that utilizes a proprietary technology developed
by ICM to produce food and fuel simultaneously.
Meanwhile, new reports in the United States showed that two million acres of native grasslands have been converted to
corn and soy monocultures in the past five years alone, driven in part
by government subsidies and targets for the
ethanol industry.
«GMA applauds today's overwhelming and bi-partisan support for an amendment offered
by Senators Feinstein and Coburn to end wasteful subsidies for
corn ethanol.
In another stroke of luck, New York dairy farmers have been well - positioned in recent years because they tend to grow much of their own feed
corn, putting them at a competitive advantage over their larger California competitors: West Coast dairies are struggling with the high price of
corn brought on
by international demand, drought conditions and
ethanol subsidies.
If we could find an effective way to convert it,
corn residue could provide another 20 billion gallons of
ethanol by around 2040, according to a recent report from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee.
New machinery developed
by Biorefining Inc. in Minnesota precisely breaks kernels into their constituent elements, which may convert more of the starch into
ethanol at a lower cost, while also freeing up more of the valuable coproducts like
corn oil.
Ethanol from places like
Corn Plus travels
by barge or railroad to distribution terminals, then is combined with gasoline at the rack where tanker trucks load up.
A more realistic, if still optimistic, scenario sketched
by the National
Corn Growers Association anticipates that corn ethanol production will quadruple to 16 billion gallons by 2015, not quite 7 percent of the likely dem
Corn Growers Association anticipates that
corn ethanol production will quadruple to 16 billion gallons by 2015, not quite 7 percent of the likely dem
corn ethanol production will quadruple to 16 billion gallons
by 2015, not quite 7 percent of the likely demand.
By contrast, traditional
ethanol requires new equipment and uses edible plants like
corn and sugar that need rich farmland to grow.
The 2005 Energy Policy Act mandates a minimum of 7.5 billion gallons of domestic renewable - fuel production, which will overwhelmingly be
corn - based
ethanol,
by 2012.
By turning crops such as
corn, sugarcane and palm oil into biofuels — whether
ethanol, biodiesel, or something else — proponents hope to reap the benefits of the carbon soaked up as the plants grow to offset the carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted when the resulting fuel is burned.
Cellulose - loving fungi can cut biofuel costs
by enabling existing
corn ethanol plants to process cheaper, woody feedstocks such as
corn stover
The United States expanded its federal biofuels mandate in a 2007 law to reach 36 billion gallons
by 2022, with up to 15 billion gallons coming from
corn ethanol and the balance from so - called advanced biofuels like cellulosic
ethanol.
Biofuels from waste avoid the carbon and energy debts incurred
by more common examples such as
ethanol from
corn or diesel from soy.
According to analyses that have been published in Science and carried out
by the California Air Resources Board,
corn - based
ethanol is actually worse than gasoline, mainly because growing more
corn for
ethanol forces farmers to clear additional grasslands and forests to grow food crops.
But the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (and the California Air Resources Board) have noted that turning
corn into
ethanol can actually be a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions and other unintended environmental effects, largely
by driving the expansion of agriculture and its attendant pollution — as evidenced
by previous studies published in Science.
At a biofuels energy symposium hosted
by the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies last week in Washington, D.C., professor Jerald Schnoor said
corn ethanol production facilities require large quantities of high - purity water during the fermentation process.
Farmers make the fuel
by chemically treating
corn kernels to isolate the sugars and then feeding the sugars to yeast, which digests them and secretes
ethanol.Not only do the
corn husks and stalks go to waste, but
ethanol production has driven up the price of the
corn that is used for food
by reducing its availability.
He found that over 30 years,
corn - based
ethanol would actually increase emissions
by nearly 100 percent, because farmers exploit previously unfarmed land to grow
corn for
ethanol.
Corn ethanol made from irrigated crops, for example, can use more than 1,000 times more water than oil refining, according to calculations
by Sandia National Laboratory.
By 2016 about 43 percent of thatarea will be used to harvest
corn for
ethanol.
A handful of other cellulosic
ethanol plants, which will make biofuels from
corn stover, wheat straw and municipal waste, plan to begin production
by next year (ClimateWire, Aug. 5).
This means that switchgrass
ethanol delivers 540 percent of the energy used to produce it, compared with just roughly 25 percent more energy returned
by corn - based
ethanol according to the most optimistic studies.
Indeed, what makes
corn ethanol «renewable» — in the sense that we can always make more of it
by planting more kernels — is actually a huge part of what makes it so unsustainable in the long term.
Briefly, 25 μCi [11,12 - 3H]- retinol (PerkinElmer, 44 Ci / mmol) in
ethanol was mixed with 1 ml
corn oil (Sigma - Aldrich) and 200 μl was administered
by gavage to mice fasted from 4 am until 9 am.
Meats from feedlots can be given such things as
corn,
corn by - products (some is derived from high fructose
corn syrup production and
ethanol), barley, milo, wheat, and other grains and roughage that often consists of
corn stalks, alfalfa, cottonseed meal, and premixes of chemical preservatives, antibiotics, and fermentation products.
GM has been a big proponent of flex fuels, meaning E85 (85 %
ethanol, 15 % gasoline) that gets worse mileage than regular gasoline but does win GM a EPA efficiency credit and is much beloved
by America's
corn farmers and others who like that the feedstock for E85 is domestic.
The transition to lighter more efficient electrified vehicles has barely started but is strongly opposed
by the oil, gas,
ethanol,
corn and many ICEVs associated industries.
Analysis
by Kansas State grain scientists found that next generation DDGs (left - overs from the production of
ethanol that includes residues of yeast) contain 50.8 percent crude protein, compared with 47.8 percent in soybean meal or 67.1 percent in
corn gluten meal.
Today, the House Energy and Commerce Committee should be holding a hearing on advancing America's, and the world's, energy future
by initiating a sustained quest to break the economic shackles imposed
by enduring dependence on oil (that doesn't involve using 40 percent of our
corn crop to produce
ethanol in a world facing food price spikes).
How much sunlight is absorbed
by the
corn plants needed to manufacture one joule's worth of
ethanol, for example, compared to the amount of sunlight a solar panel needs to generate one joule of electricity?
The RFS, which requires increasingly large amounts of biofuels — mostly
corn - based
ethanol — to be blended into gasoline each year, will come to the forefront again when EPA finalizes 2014 biofuels levels
by June...
While
ethanol, for example derived from
corn but distilled in a facility powered
by coal was, in fact, on average worse, than gasoline, some of the envisioned cellulosic - based biofuels could be dramatically better on a g CO2 eq / MJ basis.
Ethanol makers experienced improved financial performance because of changes out of their control - as in the case of natural gas prices falling drastically in response to increased fracking for natural gas production - but lost money because of increased
corn prices caused
by escalating Chinese grain demand.
Note the across the board rise in commodity prices (including non-food commodities) which are not explained
by corn - to -
ethanol as the culprit.
By comparison, «renewable» and «sustainable»
corn - based
ethanol requires 2,510 to 29,100 gallons per million Btu of usable energy — and biodiesel from soybeans consumes an astounding and unsustainable 14,000 to 75,000 gallons of water per million Btu!
The full text is included below:
Ethanol mandate hurts Iowa
corn farmers
By Thomas Pyle Iowans will soon cast the first votes of the 2016 presidential election.
Capturing the nearly pure stream of CO2 emitted from
corn ethanol refinery fermentation processes is cheaper however, and footing the bill for the added costs associated with carbon capture can be further offset
by taking advantage of the market for CO2 availed
by EOR.
The largest bioenergy project with CCS
by far involves a
corn ethanol refinery owned
by Archer Daniels Midland, in Decatur, Ill..
After discussing the «carbon monoxide, methanol, toluene, and volatile organic compounds» emitted
by ethanol plants, the article addressed the issue of pollution caused
by corn farming:
And there was this: «
By using a worldwide agricultural model to estimate emissions from land - use change,» Timothy Searchinger of Princeton and other researchers reported in 2008, «we found that
corn - based
ethanol, instead of producing a 20 percent savings, nearly doubles greenhouse emissions over 30 years and increases greenhouse gases for 167 years.»
Making
ethanol from
corn reduces atmospheric releases of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide because the CO2 emitted when the
ethanol burns is «canceled out»
by the carbon dioxide taken in
by the next crop of growing plants, which use it in photosynthesis.
It cited «plausible scenarios in which GHG [greenhouse gas] emissions from
corn - grain
ethanol are much higher than those of petroleum - based fuels,» and questioned the method
by which EPA determined that
ethanol would produce 21 percent less emissions.
An ad
by the anti-
ethanol group «Smarter Fuel Future» says: «Mandating
corn for
ethanol doubles greenhouse gas emissions compared to gasoline, over 30 years.»
The 88 percent figure is what the Wang study concluded would be accomplished
by ethanol made from switchgrass, which holds greater promise of greenhouse gas reduction than
corn - based
ethanol, but isn't yet being produced in large quantities.
And a 2009 study led
by Robert Jackson, who at the time was the Nicholas Professor of Global Environmental Change at Duke University's Nicholas School of the Environment, concluded that plowing up untilled land to grow more
corn for
ethanol fuel is «an inefficient and expensive greenhouse gas mitigation policy.»
Almost as bad are regulations requiring the use of
corn ethanol, which clearly only benefit
corn producers and processors at the expense of gasoline users and illustrates how government interference in private markets can be used
by special interests to reallocate income to themselves.
For example, a 2012 study headed
by Michael Wang of the Argonne National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy projected that the
corn - based
ethanol found at practically all U.S. fuel pumps would cut carbon emissions
by around 34 percent in 2015 (Table 7), even when considering changes in land use.