For instance, in Nisbet's typology, «
ecological activists» such as Bill McKibben and Naomi Klein frame climate change as a product of the global capitalist system, «smart growth reformers» such as Al Gore and Nicholas Stern diagnose climate change as a market failure that can be
corrected with more efficient price signals, and «ecomodernists» such as Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger believe climate change has been misdiagnosed as an environmental
problem and should be reframed as a resilience and innovation challenge.