Sentences with phrase «costimulatory signals»

Functionally, T cells stimulated by antigen but without costimulatory signals, are able to proliferate and expand in numbers, but only transiently, with proliferation being very short - lived and few T cells being able to survive over time (Rogers, 1998, J Immunol).

These include T - cell depletion by apoptosis; anergy (ie, the process by which T cells that are presented with a peptide in the absence of costimulatory signals become refractory to further stimulation with the antigen and are therefore inactivated); and the development of regulatory T cells, which can actively suppress antigen - specific responses following re-challenge with the antigen.

Initial studies demonstrated that ligation of 4 - 1BB on T cells could deliver costimulatory signals resulting in either increased proliferation or enhanced cytokine secretion and also control clonal expansion and differentiation of effector and memory T cells.

Sustained survivin expression from OX40 costimulatory signals drives T cell clonal expansion.

The role of costimulatory signals in T cell induction was evaluated in mice lacking the interleukin - 2 (IL - 2) gene.

To do so, Olthoff and her colleagues engineered a virus to make a protein called CTLA4Ig, which blocks the costimulatory signal.

Because previous work in rats and monkeys has found that proteins that block the costimulatory signal can hold T cells at bay, Kim Olthoff, a transplant surgeon at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center in Philadelphia, thought her team could achieve a targeted immune suppression by getting the transplanted organ itself — rather than proteins injected into the bloodstream — to block the costimulatory signal.

But before immune - system fighters called T cells will attack foreign tissue, they must first get a confirmation order of sorts: a costimulatory signal.

Involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T - cell receptor (TCR)- mediated T - cell activation.

Not exact matches

In 2002, his group was the first to report the design of «second - generation» CARs that, in addition to a binding domain outside of the T cell and a signaling domain inside, included a costimulatory domain designed to promote cell proliferation and survival.