Sentences with phrase «coupled ocean and atmosphere»

The coupled ocean and atmosphere system is a vast and complex heat engine that distributes solar energy from the equator to the poles, and from the surface to the upper atmosphere and eventually out to space.

In response to a growing need to systematically analyze coupled ocean and atmosphere model outputs from multiple climate modeling centres, it has subsequently grown into a large program to advance model development and scientific understanding of the Earth system.

A very consistent understanding is thus emerging of the coupled ocean and atmosphere dynamics that have caused the recent decadal - scale departure from the longer - term global warming trend.

Not exact matches

«This is true for both types of models — those driven with observed sea surface temperatures, and the coupled climate models that simulate evolution of both the atmosphere and ocean and are thus not expected to yield the real - world evolution of the PDO.

Jason - 3 measurements will also be ingested by Numerical prediction models coupling the atmosphere and the oceans used for seasonal forecasting.

The working group on coupled biogeochemical cycling and controlling factors dealt with questions regarding the role of plankton diversity, how ocean biogeochemistry will respond to global changes on decadal to centennial time scales, the key biogeochemical links between the ocean, atmosphere, and climate, and the role of estuaries, shelves, and marginal seas in the capturing, transformation, and exchange of terrestrial and open - marine material.

Discussions dealing with ocean - climate coupling concentrated on ocean - atmosphere variability in the Atlantic and its relationship to European climate.

CMIP was established as a resource for climate modelers, providing a standard protocol for studying the output of coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation models so that these models can be compared and validated.

«The model we developed and applied couples biospheric feedbacks from oceans, atmosphere, and land with human activities, such as fossil fuel emissions, agriculture, and land use, which eliminates important sources of uncertainty from projected climate outcomes,» said Thornton, leader of the Terrestrial Systems Modeling group in ORNL's Environmental Sciences Division and deputy director of ORNL's Climate Change Science Institute.

This work has been supported by the NOPP project «Advanced coupled atmosphere - wave - ocean modeling for improving tropical cyclone prediction models» (PIs: Isaac Ginis, URI and Shuyi Chen, UM) and by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) Consortium for Advanced Research on the Transport of Hydrocarbons in the Environment — CARTHE (PI: Tamay Özgökmen, UM).

Using a coupled model of the ocean and the atmosphere, they were able to successfully replicate these events.

The coupling between ocean and atmosphere isn't following the usual script, and the typical shifts in rain patterns haven't emerged.

Scientists are involved in the evaluation of global - scale climate models, regional studies of the coupled atmosphere / ocean / ice systems, regional severe weather detection and prediction, measuring the local and global impact of the aerosols and pollutants, detecting lightning from space and the general development of remotely - sensed data bases.

Researchers carry out innovative basic and applied research programs in coral reef biology, ecology, and geology; fish biology, ecology, and conservation; shark and billfish ecology; fisheries science; deep - sea organismal biology and ecology; invertebrate and vertebrate genomics, genetics, molecular ecology, and evolution; microbiology; biodiversity; observation and modeling of large - scale ocean circulation, coastal dynamics, and ocean atmosphere coupling; benthic habitat mapping; biodiversity; histology; and calcification.

Field observations of microbes recovered from deep drill cores, deep mines, and the ocean floor, coupled with laboratory investigations, reveal that microbial life can exist at conditions of extreme temperatures (to above 110ºC) and pressures (to > 10,000 atmospheres) previous thought impossible.

The strong coupling and interactions between the Tropical Ocean and atmosphere play a major role in the development of global climatic system.

CESM is a fully - coupled Earth System model, meaning all components of the Earth (atmosphere, land, ocean and cryosphere) «talk» to each other in the model.

Yukimoto, S., and A. Noda, 2003: Improvements of the Meteorological Research Institute Global Ocean - Atmosphere Coupled GCM (MRI - GCM2) and its Climate Sensitivity.

Abstract: Surface ocean wind datasets are required to be of high spatial and temporal resolution and high precision to accurately force or be assimilated into coupled atmosphere - ocean numerical models and understand ocean - atmospheric processes.

Sausen, R., K. Barthel, and K. Hasselmann, 1988: Coupled ocean - atmosphere models with flux correction.

In an ensemble of fully coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) simulations of the late Paleocene and early Eocene, we identify such a circulation - driven enhanced intermediate - water warming.

Hall, A., and R.J. Stouffer, 2001: An abrupt climate event in a coupled ocean - atmosphere simulation without external forcing.

Yukimoto, S., et al., 2001: The new Meteorological Research Institute global ocean - atmosphere coupled GCM (MRI - CGCM2)-- Model climate and variability.

Diansky, N.A., and E.M. Volodin, 2002: Simulation of the present - day climate with a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model.

Manabe, S., and R.J. Stouffer, 1997: Coupled ocean - atmosphere model response to freshwater input: Comparison to Younger Dryas event.

Schiller, A., U. Mikolajewicz, and R. Voss, 1997: The stability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation in a coupled ocean - atmosphere general circulation model.

Stocker, T.F., D.G. Wright, and L.A. Mysak, 1992: A zonally averaged, coupled atmosphere - ocean model for paleoclimate studies.

Yu, Y., Z. Zhang, and Y. Guo, 2004: Global coupled ocean - atmosphere general circulation models in LASG / IAP.

Soden, B.J., and I.M. Held, 2006: An assessment of climate feedbacks in coupled ocean - atmosphere models.

The Met Office Hadley Centre (Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research) climate change model, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thCoupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thcoupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater than B1).

Delworth, T., S. Manabe, and R.J. Stouffer, 1993: Interdecadal variations of the thermohaline circulation in a coupled ocean - atmosphere model.

Natural climate variability of the Arctic atmosphere, the impact of Greenland and PBL stability changes K. Dethloff *, A. Rinke *, W. Dorn *, D. Handorf *, J. H. Christensen ** * AWI Potsdam, ** DMI Copenhagen Unforced and forced long - term model integrations from 500 to 1000 years with global coupled atmosphere - ocean - sea - ice models have been analysed in order to find out whether the different models are able to simulate the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) similar to the real atmosphere.

The relative contribution of each trace GHG to increased Eocene and Cretaceous land temperatures at 4 × CO2, assessed with multiple separate coupled - ocean atmosphere HadCM3L model simulations, revealed methane and associated increases in stratospheric water vapor dominate, with nitrous oxide and tropospheric ozone contributing approximately equally to the remainder.

Proposed explanations for the discrepancy include ocean — atmosphere coupling that is too weak in models, insufficient energy cascades from smaller to larger spatial and temporal scales, or that global climate models do not consider slow climate feedbacks related to the carbon cycle or interactions between ice sheets and climate.

Missing pieces and small errors can pose difficulties when models of sub-systems such as the ocean and the atmosphere are coupled.

This improvement is because we now test and develop coupled models directly, instead of simply adding an ocean and an atmosphere together.

(1) The «fast response» component of the climate system, consisting of the atmosphere coupled to a mixed layer upper ocean, has very little natural variability on the decadal and longer time scale.

So for the policy - relevant issues, we generally focus on the physical atmosphere - ocean system, sometimes with coupled carbon - vegetation system, and treat the major ice sheets, orbital parameters and planetary topography as fixed boundary conditions.

When I teach it, I just show a chart that shows watts coming in, watts reflected by the surface and atmosphere, watts trapped by GHG, and then talk about climate sensititivity, do a couple multiplications to show the math matches predictions (also accounting for the ocean buffering effect), and there you go.

Further investigation of the variability of Arctic surface temperature and sea ice cover was performed by analyzing data from a coupled ocean — atmosphere model.

The upper atmosphere has a small heat capacity and reaches equilibrium temperature in considerably under a year; this feeds back on the forcing of the trosphere + surface, which are generally convectively coupled with the ocean (strongly with the upper ocean) and take a number of years to reach equilibrium.

We employed two different climate model simulations: (1) the simulation of the NCAR CSM 1.4 coupled atmosphere - ocean General Circulation Model (GCM) analyzed by Ammann et al (2007) and (2) simulations of a simple Energy Balance Model (EBM).

We need CGCMs (coupled ocean - atmosphere models) rather than GCMs (ocean only and atmosphere only models run asynchronously) specifically because of a decadal time scale heat transfer into the oceans.

Even so, revealing and unexpected teleconnections are being discovered; moreover, progress is being made towards model structures and data sets that will allow implementation of coupled atmosphere - ocean - terrestrial models that include key biological - biogeochemical feedbacks.

As noted in that post, RealClimate defines the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation («AMO») as, «A multidecadal (50 - 80 year timescale) pattern of North Atlantic ocean - atmosphere variability whose existence has been argued for based on statistical analyses of observational and proxy climate data, and coupled Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») simulatocean - atmosphere variability whose existence has been argued for based on statistical analyses of observational and proxy climate data, and coupled Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») siatmosphere variability whose existence has been argued for based on statistical analyses of observational and proxy climate data, and coupled Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») siAtmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») simulatOcean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») simulations.

We understand better the coupling of the atmosphere and ocean.

Additional simulations used a hierarchy of coupled ocean - atmosphere models combining different atmosphere and ocean components.

How the atmosphere can be coupled to wind - driven ocean heat transport goes back to Klinger and Marotzke (2000) and is described in

In response to increased trace gases, all replicated the qualitative response seen in other coupled ocean - atmosphere models: greater warming over land than ocean and maximum warming at high northern latitudes in winter.

Ensemble simulations conducted with EMICs (Renssen et al., 2002; Bauer et al., 2004) and coupled ocean - atmosphere GCMs (Alley and Agustsdottir, 2005; LeGrande et al., 2006) with different boundary conditions and freshwater forcings show that climate models are capable of simulating the broad features of the observed 8.2 ka event (including shifts in the ITCZ).