One model produced realistic
covariability between cloud cover, sea surface temperatures, and atmospheric circulation for the 20th century.
This procedure requires estimates of the natural spatio -
temporal covariability of the observations, which are usually derived from AO - GCM control runs, employing an optimal fingerprinting approach.
«Aerosol and cloud
microphysics covariability in the northeast Pacific boundary layer estimated with ship - based and satellite remote sensing observations.»
Results show that the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) is the leading mode of SAMOC -
SST covariability, explaining approximately 85 %, with the Atlantic Niño accounting for less than 10 % of the variability.