This second phase
covers summer study and after school training program costs for select students.
Not exact matches
Many of the forecasts analyzed in the
study focused on the state of the ice
cover prior to the
summer melt season.
Nearly 30 percent of ice
covering the Arctic Ocean at
summer's peak is thin enough to foster sprawling phytoplankton blooms in the waters below, a recent
study estimated.
When the authors looked at seasonal trends over the same time period, the most notable expansion of the Sahara occurred in
summer, resulting in a nearly 16 percent increase in the desert's average seasonal area over the 93 - year span
covered by the
study.
According to a 20 - year
study done at Johns Hopkins University, and cited in a Time magazine
cover story about
summer learning loss, «low - income elementary school students lost ground in reading each
summer, compared with their higher - income peers, who made progress.»
The kids could get
summer jobs to
cover additional costs if they
study away from home, Stronach adds.
In a new
study, Box and a team of researchers describe the decline in ice sheet reflectivity and the reasons behind it, noting that if current trends continue, the area of ice that melts during the
summer season is likely to expand to
cover all of Greenland for the first time in the observational record, rather than just the lower elevations at the edges of the continent, as is the case today.
However,
studies so far have found that the
summer season has the lowest correlation between ice
cover and cloud
cover, which would minimize the offsetting effect that clouds play.
The second
study uses a different climate model to simulate Arctic
summer ice
cover under a range of scenarios.
The new
studies, which are both published in Nature Climate Change, focus in on how efforts to curb climate change could affect
summer sea ice
cover in the Arctic.
Polar bears are one of the most sensitive Arctic marine mammals to climate warming because they spend most of their lives on sea ice.35 Declining sea ice in northern Alaska is associated with smaller bears, probably because of less successful hunting of seals, which are themselves ice - dependent and so are projected to decline with diminishing ice and snow
cover.36, 37,38,39 Although bears can give birth to cubs on sea ice, increasing numbers of female bears now come ashore in Alaska in the
summer and fall40 and den on land.41 In Hudson Bay, Canada, the most
studied population in the Arctic, sea ice is now absent for three weeks longer than just a few decades ago, resulting in less body fat, reduced survival of both the youngest and oldest bears, 42 and a population now estimated to be in decline43 and projected to be in jeopardy.44 Similar polar bear population declines are projected for the Beaufort Sea region.45
Worth noting that the Imhoff et al 2010
study covers continental US, where you probably get more waste heat in
summer than winter (due to AC).
Researchers who
study climate and sea ice expect that at some point, the Arctic Ocean will lose its ice
cover completely in late
summer.
The
study adds to the evidence showing that the free - fall in
summer sea ice extent and even sharper decline in spring snow
cover in the Northern Hemisphere is reverberating throughout the atmosphere, making extreme events more likely to occur.
Phil Jones and his coauthors in the recent multiproxy
study (Neukom et al 2011, (Climate Dynamics) Multiproxy
summer and winter surface air temperature field reconstructions for southern South America
covering the past centuries) did not archive proxy data in the Supplementary Information.
They can help you to create your resume and
cover letter, if you don't already have one, as well as direct you to resources that can help you find a
summer internship in your area of interest or field of
study and in a location where you will be living over
summer break.