Whatever the reason for the recent uptick in
cranial size, Jantz believes it is having an effect on how we think.
The aim of their investigation was to explore how
cranial size changed as our species adapted to an increasingly complex social environment between 1.9 million and 10,000 years ago.
But as population went from sparse to dense in a given area,
cranial size declined, highlighted by a sudden 3 to 4 percent drop in EQ starting around 15,000 to 10,000 years ago.
Gould, noting that Morton had overreported average Native American
cranial size in one table, had speculated that Morton did so because it «demoted blacks» and thereby «provided so much satisfaction that Morton never thought of checking himself.»
Not exact matches
Terry Gates, lecturer in NC State's Department of Biological Sciences and research adjunct at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, wondered if there was a correlation between the development of
cranial ornamentation and rapid gains in
size.
Neandertals had a similar brain
size — to - body ratio as we do, so rather than
cranial capacity, it might have been underlying neurological differences that could explain why we flourished while they died out, he said.
To support these claims, Gould presented the case of Samuel George Morton, a 19th - century American physician and scientist famous for his measurements of human skulls, particularly their
cranial capacity (the skeletal equivalent of brain
size).
Furthermore, the generally small
cranial capacity differences within humans do not correlate with intelligence or much else other than hat
size.
Scientists are particularly curious about differences in brain
size, since adult Neandertals tend to have a
cranial capacity of about 1,500 cubic centimeters and modern day humans have a
cranial capacity of about 1,350 cubic centimeters.
«Other
cranial features — such as those related to this carnivore's diet — are proof that the Iberian lynx hunted small -
sized prey such as lagomorphs and rodents which had a great presence during that time period,» the researcher states.
This was a presentation given by Tom Schoenemann of the University of Michigan at Dearborn, and what he did was to survey
cranial capacity and body weight data, so brain
size and body weight data for a bunch of modern humans and also [a] fossil one, and he plotted all of this on a graph and he determined that the brain
size of the Flores hominid relative to her body
size more closely approximates that what you see in the Australopithecines, which are much older, you know.
Its small brain, low
cranial vault shape, absence of a chin, smaller body
size and limb proportions all point to a pre-Homo sapiens ancestry.
It is far, far more probable that the various fossil Homo that have
cranial capacities of this general
size were normalish representatives of small - brained populations.
Actually, this is just as well considering the games Lubenow plays with
cranial capacity (more or less equals brain
size).
In the Homo sapiens population with the smallest reported
cranial capacity, about one person in 60,000 can be expected to have a brain
size (sensu Lubenow) of as little as 700cc.
In terms of features from the late archaic / early modern humans found throughout the Old World, the researchers observed the fossils as having a large
size that fitted a large brain, and
cranial vaults that were lightly built and had modest brow ridges.
Because the brain does not fill the
cranial cavity, the brain
size is smaller than the
cranial capacity, but the latter value is, obviously, the only one that can be determined from a skull.
Morton took detailed measurements of these skulls with a particular focus on
cranial capacity, the skeletal equivalent of brain
size [8]--[10].
(*) Note: for convenience, I use the term «brain
size» instead of «
cranial capacity».
Tobias (1970) says that according to Dart, «apparently normal human beings have existed with brain -
sizes in the 700's and 800's» (maybe Molnar's claim is a mis - statement of this), and that the smallest
cranial capacity ever documented is 790 cc.
Cranial cruciate ligament disease can affect dogs of all
sizes, breeds, and ages, but rarely cats.
Percentages and number of cases over the total sample
size for each neutering status group; intact and neutered early or late for male Golden Retrievers (1 — 8 years old) diagnosed with hip dysplasia (HD),
cranial cruciate ligament tear (CCL), lymphosarcoma (LSA), hemangiosarcoma (HSA), and / or mast cell tumor (MCT) at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the University of California, Davis, from 2000 — 2009.
Etchepareborde S1, Mills J, Busoni V, Brunel L, Balligand M. Theoretical discrepancy between cage
size and efficient tibial tuberosity advancement in dogs treated for
cranial cruciate ligament rupture.
The final diagnosis was ruptured
cranial cruciate ligament in her right knee, a common cause of debilitating hind limb lameness in dogs of all shapes and
sizes.
Treatment for tears of the
cranial cruciate ligament depends on a number of factors, including your pet's activity levels,
size, age, skeletal makeup and severity of the injury, as well as any other individualized health factors your veterinarian or surgical specialist may find.
The center of the circle (F) was used as a vertex and the occipital circle could also be used as an assessment of the
size of the caudal
cranial fossa by measuring the distance and angulation of the point where the circle bisected to the dorsal cerebellum (E).
One can appreciate the increased height of the rostral
cranial cavity (greater diameter of the occipital lobe circle) and decreased in
size of angles 2 and 5 (yellow) in compensation for shortening of the entire
cranial base and increased proximity of the atlas to the occiput.
Like other animals that have been domesticated, dogs have a reduced
cranial capacity — a smaller brain
size — compared to their wild counterparts.
Injury or failure of the
cranial cruciate ligament (commonly referred to as Cruciate Disease) is a very common problem that can be encountered by dogs of all shapes and
sizes.