Continued by challenging track passing
crater rim of Caldera Batur.
CH4 ice appears
on crater rims and mountain ridges at low latitudes and is abundant at Pluto's high northern latitudes.
Now a team led by William Farrell of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, has modelled how dust could be thrown up at the moon's poles, where the solar wind blows horizontally
over crater rims.
And by drilling into a circular ridge inside the 180 - kilometer -
wide crater rim, scientists hope to settle ideas about how such «peak rings,» hallmarks of the largest impact craters, take shape.
As the plume raced outward from the larger impact, it encountered the
small crater rim, leaving bright twin streaks on the downwind side.
Many of the fish at Molokini are tame and the protective arms of the
sunken crater rim assure calm waters for novice snorkelers.
To the East, the
majestic crater rim of Lombok's Mount Rinjani, provides a picturesque backdrop to a stunning sunrise.
After hiking through the exotic rainforest, about 3 hours, the climb to the
volcanic crater rim awaits (another 3 hours or so), for a panoramic view of the «salad bowl» beneath and spectacular views around.
Dark streaks recently spotted
on crater rims that look like they could be liquid water may be fed by underground aquifers, for instance.
In last week's Science, his group says that the outer ring is the
original crater rim, formed 65 million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous period and since buried under a layer of limestone up to 1000 metres thick.
By drilling into a circular ridge inside the 180 - kilometer -
wide crater rim, researchers also hope to nail down the processes that form «peak rings»: hallmarks of the largest impact craters, which planetary scientists have seen elsewhere in the solar system but which erosion has erased from other big craters on Earth.
The wind was still strong as we came down from
the crater rim on Haleakala shortly after sunrise.
«These materials include dust, wind - blown soil, water - lain sediments derived from
the crater rim, veins of sulfates and igneous rocks that may be ejecta from other parts of Mars,» Newsom said.
Brilliant streaks on the crater walls suggest that even the feeble gravity of this moon is strong enough to erode loose material; bluish regions near
the crater rim may be younger exposed surfaces.
Although scientists have drilled into the buried crater before on land, this is the first offshore effort, and also the first to go after the crater's «peak ring» — a circular ridge inside
the crater rim that's characteristic of the solar system's largest impact craters.
Then, that water broke through
the crater rim (artist's concept, lower right), possibly through a weak spot previously eroded by ground water seeping through the rocks at high pressure.
Those scenarios are among the possible explanations rover - team scientists are considering for features seen just outside
the crater rim's crest above «Perseverance Valley,» which is carved into the inner slope of the rim.
«One possibility is that this site was the end of a catchment where a lake was perched against the outside of
the crater rim.
Roughly 18 kilometers long, about 600 meters across and 30 meters deep, the canyon — called Peace Vallis — cut into
the crater rim, sweeping sediments to the crater floor and forming a floodplain.
The IODP team wants to test a leading model for peak ring formation, in which granite from Earth's depths rebounds after a major impact, like water struck by stone, to form a central tower, taller than
the crater rim.
Before examining them, the rover is first heading along
the crater rim to the north - east of Tisdale 2.
After arriving at
the crater rim in early August, Opportunity investigated a rock about 1 metre across informally named Tisdale 2.
Because all the deposits point toward the mountain, the researchers say, water must have flowed solely from
the crater rim.
Another scenario (right), with intense deluges over a short period of time, produces landforms that don't exist on Mars, such as breaches of
crater rims.
A spacecraft orbiting Mars had snapped pictures of them on
the crater rim.
Days 17 to 20: Gunung Rinjani While
the crater rim is a popular option, if you're going to climb Rinjani, why settle for a half measures?
Then, on the final leg to
the crater rim, it turns to loose rock, sand and pebbles.
In fact, most of these tours depart Yogya one day, spend that night on
the crater rim near Bromo and depart late morning for Bali.
View the smoldering caldera from the 11 - mile drive around
its crater rim; on a wilderness hike; or from the large picture windows of Volcano House, one of Hawaii's most iconic hotels.
The road goes past Yevghenut Hotel, mounted on side of
the crater rim, and overlooking the city below.
We start the trip by walking to
the crater rim...
A crater rim forming a monumental natural amphitheatre, it has long associations with Aboriginal culture.
From Post 3 to
the crater rim the hike was very challenging 3.5 hour hike which took us from 1800m to 2639m, but we were shocked and surprised to see that we were able to pass university students along the way!
As far as getting there from Probolinggo, we go a car via the Go - Jek app and it cost 150,000 for the car (one way), from Probolinggo to
the crater rim — this struck us as very good value.
If you want to get away from crazy, busy Manila and find some peace & quiet in nature, Taal Lake & Volcano is your best bet — you can get stunning views over the lake from hotels like Taal Vista or restaurants on
the crater rim, take a boat trip across the lake or hike on the island to yet another crater rim — with another lake and island!
After you've had your fill of the blue flames and dodging the poisonous gases, you'll head back up to
the crater rim where you can enjoy an incredible sunrise above the clouds.
It's awesome how close you can actually get to the volcano, you can hike around
the crater rim for unforgettable views.
The views of the lake (with an island and another lake and...) are stunning and you can take a boat across the lake for a hike (or donkey ride) up to
the crater rim!
The ascent to the summit was a strenuous one over
the crater rim which was composed mainly of loose sand and gravel.
At nearly 8,900 feet above sea level, Poas Volcano is breathtaking to behold and easily accessible, with a lookout just 300 feet from
the crater rim.
Despite a lower altitude, the temperature at Pada Balong was as cold as that at
the crater rim.
It's a two - day excursion to
the crater rim (with a local guide), but the stunning views of the crater lake are worth every step, and if you're lucky, you'll see deer, parrots and macaques.
Starting the Hike at Pura Ulundanu Batur at 05.00 am, then hike up until
the crater rim of Caldera Batur.
• Highlights are: Spectacular Sunset and Sunrise at
the crater rim.
RINJANI VOLCANO
CRATER RIM & SEGARA ANAK LAKE TREKKING 2 Days / 1 Night Rinjani mountain crater rim in the middle of Rinjani National Park is one of the best trekking destinations in Indonesia; it provides spectacular views of the lake Segara Anak within the volcano's crater.
After early breakfast, leave the lake at 07.00 a.m. and climb up to
another crater rim which takes 2 hours.
Climbing Santa Ana Volcano — El Salvador Volcan Santa Ana is El Salvador's highest volcano, with an elevation of 2381 M / 7857 ft. at the highest point of
its crater rim.