Water on the moon, if it exists at all, is probably confined to frozen deposits in a few shadowed
craters near its poles.
The floors of some deep
craters near the poles are never exposed to direct sunlight, and temperatures there remain far lower than the global average.
Not exact matches
Since the 1960's scientists thought that only in permanently shadowed areas in
craters near the lunar
poles was it cold enough to accumulate this volatile material, but recent observations by a number of spacecraft, including LRO, suggest that hydrogen on the moon is more widespread.
In
craters near the south
pole of the moon, NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter found some bright areas and some very cold areas.
Equally enticing, some permanently shadowed
craters near the lunar south
pole seem to contain ice, which could provide water and air for the base.
LRO's early results have already caused a stir: The Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment sent back the first global temperature maps of the moon, revealing ultracold pockets in permanently shadowed portions of
craters near the south
pole.
Now, NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft, which has orbited Mercury since March, has confirmed that these radar - bright patches neatly coincide with deep
crater floors
near the
poles that never receive any sunlight at all.
For example, he pointed to sun - shy
craters at the lunar
poles, where
near - constant darkness has trapped and preserved water ice ripe for conversion into oxygen, water and rocket propellant.
The ice they carried would have vaporized from the impact, settling eventually in permanently shadowed
craters near the north and south lunar
poles, where the extreme cold (below — 400 degrees Fahrenheit, according to recent observations) would have preserved it almost indefinitely.
The idea that Mercury might have frozen water emerged in the 1990s, when Earth - based radar telescopes detected highly reflective regions inside several
craters near Mercury's
poles.
The study, published in Geophysical Research Letters, adds three new members to the list of
craters near Mercury's north
pole that appear to harbor large surface ice deposits.
However, layers of water ice, up to a few hundred meters thick, are permanently shielded from sunlight in
craters (shown above in black)
near Mercury's
poles.10 How strange.
Comparing these two images, it can be seen that the terrain
near the south
pole is more heavily
cratered while some of the region
near the north
pole shows less
cratered, smooth plains material, consistent with the general observations of the
poles made by Mariner 10.