Sentences with phrase «created by atoms»

A Bose - Einstein condensate is a state of matter created by atoms at ultracold temperatures, close to absolute zero.

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The next danger to avoid is radioactive fallout, a mixture of fission products (or radioisotopes) that a nuclear explosion creates by splitting atoms.

What Boger wants is to create a better way to develop drugs: through a process called structure - based design in which scientists build up a new drug, atom by atom, after determining the type of molecule that might interrupt the disease process.

Our technology is based on a variant of chemical vapor deposition, which builds the diamond lattice atom by atom in a reactor that creates a plasma akin to the outer core of the sun.

Their reaction is created by colliding two plasma balls made of hydrogen atom cores at one million miles per hour.

A «buckyball» is a three dimensional carbon atom ball — named after the geodesic domes created by Buckminster Fuller and are constructed with a combination of hexagons and pentagons.

First x object was created out of nothing, then combined with other things created out of nothing, then magically an atom, yhen a cell, a molecule, then bacteria, single cell creatures, followed by simple sea creatures with organs, then more advanced creatures, next red blooded mammals, then primates, and finally human.

The 1st GOD, in the Greco - Romanian periods was so named to be «Chaos» or the yawning of nothingness wherewhich was created by Chaos, these elemental gods of the absolute miniscule or as we know of being the Atoms.

But, they add, the isotopes created by these storms likely constitute a small portion of all such atoms — so the new findings are unlikely to change the way other scientists use them for dating and geotracing.

The enzyme had previously been modified through directed evolution by the Arnold lab and others to create molecules containing small rings of three carbon atoms — essentially half of a bicyclobutane group.

Alternatively, the water at Cabeus may have been created when hydrogen atoms carried by the solar wind slammed into oxygen - rich materials in the lunar surface.

The atomic size and structure of nitrogen make it an excellent choice for this purpose because it can fit naturally into a strong network of carbon atoms by creating bonds (sp2) in which electrons are shared by the whole network.

The condensate, which is made from around 4000 cooled rubidium atoms, is trapped inside the beams by the same forces used to create optical tweezers, which can manipulate particles on a small scale.

«This gives us the option of creating new atoms dressed by the field of the laser, with new electron energy levels,» explains Jean - Pierre Wolf.

18 Beyond the edge: Atoms with atomic numbers higher than 92 do not exist naturally, but they can be created by bombarding elements with other elements or pieces of them.

This dual state would make it possible to control the motion of the electrons exposed to the electric field of both the nucleus and the laser, and would let the physicists to create atoms with «new,» tunable by light, electronic structure.

«Artificial materials created atom - by - atom: Possibility to arrange the atoms precisely bring designer quantum materials closer to reality.»

To make their engine, the researchers first enclosed the ion (a calcium atom with one electron removed) inside an 8 - millimeter - long funnel - shaped electrical trap created by four electrodes.

As chargeless helium atoms from this wind enter the solar system, their trajectories are bent by the sun's gravity, creating a cone of helium downwind of the sun.

Li's team showed that during CRAND, cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere collide with neutral atoms, creating a splash that produces charged particles, including electrons, that become trapped by Earth's magnetic field.

Two condensates separated by ∼ 40 micrometers were created by evaporatively cooling sodium atoms in a double - well potential formed by magnetic and optical forces.

The engine creates thrust by accelerating xenon ions — atoms stripped of one or more electrons, giving them a positive charge — through the negatively charged grid and spewing them out the back of the ship at 4,000 miles per hour.

An «NV -» center can be created within a diamond's scaffold - like structure by replacing a missing carbon atom with a nitrogen atom (N) that has trapped an electron making the center negatively charged.

One by one the larger gold atoms displace the smaller atoms of free silver on the surface, creating more contrast.

«The surface of Mars, the surface of Earth, and basically all surfaces in the solar system are being bombarded by cosmic rays,» explains Farley, and when these rays — very high - energy protons — blast into an atom, the atom's nucleus shatters, creating isotopes of other elements.

Created by essentially strapping a hacked Kinect to an iRobot Create (a sort of blank Roomba platform used by robotics developers) along with a gutted Intel Atom computer, the KinectBot uses the Kinect bar's 3D sensors in ways that'd make an ordinary Roomba hopelessly jealous.

«In step toward controlling chemistry, physicists create a new molecule, atom by atom: Study paves the way for creating on, off buttons for chemical reactions.»

The team created 30 atoms of element 115 by firing a beam of calcium atoms at a piece of americium foil.

A proposed pathway to construct quantum computers may be the outcome of research by a University of Oklahoma physics team that has created a new molecule based on the interaction between a highly - excited type of atom known as a Rydberg atom and a ground - state atom.

A nitrogen - vacancy center is an atomic - scale defect formed in the diamond lattice by substituting a nitrogen atom for a carbon atom and creating a neighboring void in the crystal lattice.

Teeth and nails are good for measuring radiation because they pick up free radicals (atoms, or ions, with unpaired electrons) created by ionizing radiation and can retain them for long periods of time, says Harold Swartz, a Dartmouth Medical School professor of radiation oncology and director of the Dartmouth Biodosimetry Center for Medical Countermeasures against Radiation.

By calibrating the frequency of the laser light, Daley and his crew created conditions such that the energy a pair of repelling atoms would gain by separating would land them within the verboten regioBy calibrating the frequency of the laser light, Daley and his crew created conditions such that the energy a pair of repelling atoms would gain by separating would land them within the verboten regioby separating would land them within the verboten region.

They propose that cosmic rays contribute to ozone depletion through their interactions with human - made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the atmosphere: electrons created by cosmic rays break down CFC molecules, leading to the production of chorine atoms, which in turn break down ozone.

The recoil created when a neutron hits the nucleus of a xenon atom is thought to be very similar to the recoil that would be created by a WIMP.

Such a material is created by stripping a gas's atoms of their electrons, a process called ionization.

By analyzing how the random impact of atoms can distort the motion of tiny dust particles, creating a continuous zigzag motion, he showed a practical way to calculate the size of atoms.

Then in 1991, while studying the unique atomic structures called buckyballs, which are created by electrically charging carbon soot, Sumio Iijima of Meijo University in Nagoya, Japan, discovered the first nanotubes — fantastically strong cylindrical carbon - atom constructions less than two nanometers wide and of varying lengths.

A team of researchers led by North Carolina State University has found that stacking materials that are only one atom thick can create semiconductor junctions that transfer charge efficiently, regardless of whether the crystalline structure of the materials is mismatched — lowering the manufacturing cost for a wide variety of semiconductor devices such as solar cells, lasers and LEDs.

Gases (such as air, which has an equal number of positive and negative charges) become plasma when energy (such as heat or electricity) causes some of the gas's atoms to lose their negatively charged electrons, creating atoms with a positive charge, or positive ions, surrounded by the newly detached electrons.

Researchers at IBM have created an elusive molecule by knocking around atoms using a needle - like microscope tip.

By contrast, creating magic isotopes of elements 120 and 126 might be accomplished by fusing atoms, although as yet it has only been done with less - heavy elementBy contrast, creating magic isotopes of elements 120 and 126 might be accomplished by fusing atoms, although as yet it has only been done with less - heavy elementby fusing atoms, although as yet it has only been done with less - heavy elements.

Our work illustrates the concept of graphene as a robust atomic - scale scaffold on the basis of which new two - dimensional crystals with designed electronic and other properties can be created by attaching other atoms and molecules.

The atoms are chilled to temperatures near absolute zero and levitated in a vacuum by an optical lattice, a «crystal of light» created by intersecting external laser beams.

The genes introduced by the German group encode enzymes that add carbon double bonds to the precursors and tack on additional carbon atoms, creating a range of omega - 3 and other fatty acids.

Researchers have succeeded in directing wandering molecules by creating surfaces with stripes of atoms or with «step edges» — seams along which the surface of the crystal steps up by one layer of atoms.

The technique, developed by researchers at Sheffield University, uses the phenomenon of laser «speckle»: no surface is uniformly smooth at the atomic scale and, when laser light reflects off it, the roughness caused by the individual atoms creates interference in the wavefronts so that the reflected light seems to scintillate, with tiny bright and dark patches.

Scientists have long known that brain cells communicate via electrical missives, created by charged atoms and molecules called ions as they travel across the membranes of those cells.

«By building structures atom by atom, you're able to create new, extraordinary materials,» said Randall, who is co-chair of the Jonsson School's Industry Engagement CommitteBy building structures atom by atom, you're able to create new, extraordinary materials,» said Randall, who is co-chair of the Jonsson School's Industry Engagement Committeby atom, you're able to create new, extraordinary materials,» said Randall, who is co-chair of the Jonsson School's Industry Engagement Committee.

Nuclear physicists create the fireballs by colliding ordinary nuclei — made of protons and neutrons — in an «atom smasher» called the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory.