Sentences with phrase «created by electrons»

Radio astronomers discovered intense belts of radiation surrounding Jupiter created by electrons trapped in its powerful magnetic field — 10x the Earth's!

This is due to a very special pattern created by electrons that carry electricity in graphene.

As part of the research, scientists Jun Lou and colleagues at Los Alamos National Laboratory developed a technique that allowed them to peer through windows created by an electron beam in order to measure the catalytic activity of molybdenum disulfide — the 2 - D material that shows potential for being used in applications using electrocatalysis to separate hydrogen from water.

Not exact matches

Nikola's hydrogen system creates electricity by splitting hydrogen electrons from the protons.

Because free radicals can create chain reactions by stealing electrons from the molecules that

These are considerably stronger than covalent bonds, held together by multiples of: +1 charges (the same charge as a proton) and the -1 charge of an electron, creating a neutral formula.

Electrons thus accelerated could be wiggled by magnets to create a so - called free - electron laser (FEL), which generates exceptionally bright and brief flashes of x-rays that can illuminate short - lived chemical and biological phenomena.

By the way on March 19th, the LHC broke its own record by creating beams of protons at an energy level of 3.5 trillion electron voltBy the way on March 19th, the LHC broke its own record by creating beams of protons at an energy level of 3.5 trillion electron voltby creating beams of protons at an energy level of 3.5 trillion electron volts.

The researchers found that by tuning certain dimensions of the microfluidic lattice, they were able to direct billions of microbes to align and swim in the same direction, much the way electrons circulate in the same direction when they create a magnetic field.

The atomic size and structure of nitrogen make it an excellent choice for this purpose because it can fit naturally into a strong network of carbon atoms by creating bonds (sp2) in which electrons are shared by the whole network.

First they doped a lithium niobate crystal with traces of iron and manganese, which created traps for the electrons by adding a new set of energy levels.

This counterintuitive property results from plasmons, which are hybrid electron - light particles created by coupling light with electrons in a metal.

«This gives us the option of creating new atoms dressed by the field of the laser, with new electron energy levels,» explains Jean - Pierre Wolf.

This dual state would make it possible to control the motion of the electrons exposed to the electric field of both the nucleus and the laser, and would let the physicists to create atoms with «new,» tunable by light, electronic structure.

By applying a magnetic field to semiconducting nanowires laid across a superconductor, you can move electrons along these wires, creating two points in space that each mimic half an electron.

By taking clever advantage of the interplay between light, electrons on the surface of metals, and heat, researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have for the first time created a plasmomechanical oscillator (PMO), so named because it tightly couples plasmons — the collective oscillations of electrons at the surface of a metal nanoparticle — to the mechanical vibrations of the much larger device it's embedded in.

Clouds of electrons created by ionised gas in the beam chamber and microscopic dust particles — playfully known as unidentified falling objects, or UFOs — are interrupting the beams and making it harder to get the LHC running consistently.

The sun's cast - off electrons and ions move so fast they can easily be deflected by electric and magnetic fields to create what Winglee terms a mini-magnetosphere — with a greater surface area than that of projected solar sails.

The shock waves created by a supernova explosion, astronomers theorized, could generate enormous magnetic fields capable of accelerating electrons, protons, and other ions to nearly the speed of light.

The movement of free electrons and the gaps created by those loosed particles generate an electric current.

To make their engine, the researchers first enclosed the ion (a calcium atom with one electron removed) inside an 8 - millimeter - long funnel - shaped electrical trap created by four electrodes.

The illustration, based on electron micrographs and created by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shows one of these antibiotic - resistant bacteria.

This continues from well to well creating an avalanche of electrons which is large enough, by the time it reaches the bottom of the chip to be detected.

In the sea of graphene (over an iridium crystal), electrons» spin - orbit interaction is much lower than that created by intercalating a Pb island.

Li's team showed that during CRAND, cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere collide with neutral atoms, creating a splash that produces charged particles, including electrons, that become trapped by Earth's magnetic field.

The movement is created, Flatté and his team say, when electrons whose magnetic spin is disturbed by the current on the first sheet exert a force, through electromagnetic radiation, to create magnetic spin in the second sheet.

By using an advanced experimental set - up, the team was able to record all electrons and ions that were created at every X-ray absorption event.

The engine creates thrust by accelerating xenon ions — atoms stripped of one or more electrons, giving them a positive charge — through the negatively charged grid and spewing them out the back of the ship at 4,000 miles per hour.

An «NV -» center can be created within a diamond's scaffold - like structure by replacing a missing carbon atom with a nitrogen atom (N) that has trapped an electron making the center negatively charged.

The bulk, or interior, acts as an insulator, which means it prohibits the travel of electrons, but the surface of the material is conducting, allowing electrons to travel through a set of channels created by particles known as Dirac fermions.

Electron microscopy images of the porous graphene - based structure created by diffusion driven layer - by - layer assembly.

Much like in an old tube television where a beam of electrons moves over a phosphor screen to create images, the new microscopy technique works by scanning a beam of electrons over a sample that has been coated with specially engineered quantum dots.

Now, a pair of scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory and Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich have proposed the first solution to such subatomic stoppage: a novel way to create a more robust electron wave by binding together the electron's direction of movement and its spin.

In 2005 researchers at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind., created a metamaterial with a negative refractive index in the near - infrared portion of the spectrum using ultrathin gold nanorods 100 nanometers by 700 nanometers to conduct clouds of electrons.

He has created a battery consisting of two microfibers laid side by side, each coated with an enzyme — one (on the anode) that nabs electrons from glucose, another (on the cathode) that passes the electrons to oxygen.

Much like in an old tube television where a beam of electrons moves over a phosphor screen to create images, the new technique works by scanning a beam of electrons over a sample that has been coated with the quantum dots.

Teeth and nails are good for measuring radiation because they pick up free radicals (atoms, or ions, with unpaired electrons) created by ionizing radiation and can retain them for long periods of time, says Harold Swartz, a Dartmouth Medical School professor of radiation oncology and director of the Dartmouth Biodosimetry Center for Medical Countermeasures against Radiation.

A weak UV pulse excited an outer electron to a higher state, followed by a strong infrared pulse creating a field in which the electron escaped from the molecule due to the tunneling effect.

They propose that cosmic rays contribute to ozone depletion through their interactions with human - made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the atmosphere: electrons created by cosmic rays break down CFC molecules, leading to the production of chorine atoms, which in turn break down ozone.

Researchers simulated the environment found inside these planets by creating shock waves in plastic with an intense optical laser at the Matter in Extreme Conditions (MEC) instrument at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory's X-ray free - electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS).

Created by CDC microbiologist Frederick A. Murphy, this colorized transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by an Ebola virus virion.

Such a material is created by stripping a gas's atoms of their electrons, a process called ionization.

Some of the photons bounced off electrons that were being moved around by gravitational waves that had been quantum - mechanically created during inflation and had become classical objects.

The TSRI laboratories of Professor Erica Ollmann Saphire and Assistant Professor Andrew Ward are studying the structures of these antibodies using techniques called electron microscopy, which creates high - resolution images by hitting samples with electrons, and X-ray crystallography, which determines the atomic structure of crystalline arrays of proteins.

Gases (such as air, which has an equal number of positive and negative charges) become plasma when energy (such as heat or electricity) causes some of the gas's atoms to lose their negatively charged electrons, creating atoms with a positive charge, or positive ions, surrounded by the newly detached electrons.

In a traditional X-ray machine, a filament emits electrons when it is heated above a certain threshold, and those electrons fly through the body and hit a metal electrode on the other side, creating images; CT scans produce three - dimensional images by rotating the electron source.

University of Groningen scientists led by physics professor Bart van Wees have created a graphene - based device, in which electron spins can be injected and detected with unprecedented efficiency.

Short optical gain lifetimes create an especially serious problem in the case of electrical pumping, which is an inherently slow process as electrons and holes are injected into the quantum dot one - by - one.

It would fire electrons into positrons to create cleaner collisions and study in detail whatever was discovered by the LHC.

By carefully adjusting the distribution of electron - transmitting aluminum across the device, they were able to create an energy barrier with sloping sides like a valley, instead of the usual box shape.