Sentences with phrase «cross-sectional area increased»

Not exact matches

In contrast, a similar analysis of F66 transgenic mice revealed that although total fiber number was increased slightly (16 %), the overall increase in gastrocnemius / plantaris mass resulted almost entirely from muscle fiber hypertrophy (93 % increase in cross-sectional area).

As the cross-sectional area of the muscle would be expected to be roughly proportional to the square of the diameter, increased fiber diameter in Mstn − / − mice would correspond to an approximately 43 % increase in fiber mass.

There are numerous studies that show at least a 5 % increase in cross-sectional area after performing an isometrics program.

The subjects increased the amount of muscular force (think strength and power) by 45 % AND had a 5 % growth in cross-sectional area of the muscle.

In one mouse study, the IGF - 1 gene was placed in the animals» glutes and calves, which resulted in up to a 115 % increase in muscle - cross-sectional area.

Although single fiber force also increased, this was caused by an increase in the cross-sectional area, and single fiber force normalized to cross-sectional area did not alter.

This suggests that changes in cross-sectional area are not responsible for velocity - specificity, although perhaps the lack of increase in muscle size along with an increase in strength could be beneficial if it reduces the weight of the limbs being accelerated.

Indeed, over a 2 - year period of Olympic weightlifting training, Häkkinen et al. (1988) observed 6 % increases in size of the vastus lateralis muscle cross-sectional area.

However, it is also noted that observations of greater hypertrophy in type II muscle fibers could potentially be more a function of the type of strength training programs that are conventionally used to study increases in muscle cross-sectional area than of the responsiveness of this particular muscle fiber type (Ogborn & Schoenfeld, 2014).

The ST group show improved muscle quality (mean ± SE: 28 ± 3) vs CON -LRB--4 ± 2, p < 0.001) and increased type I (860 ± 252µm2) and type II fiber cross-sectional area (720 ± 285µm2) compared to CON (type I: -164 ± 290µm2, p = 0.04; and type II: -130 ± 336µm2, p = 0.04).

However, Vigotsky et al. (2015) performed a musculoskeletal modelling investigation and found that a 100 % increase in anatomical cross-sectional area led to increases in the internal moment arm lengths of the biceps brachii and brachialis by 27.2 % and 37.3 %, respectively.

Generally, muscle cross-sectional area was identified as driving muscle force, and hypertrophy was believed to increase net internal joint moments primarily by this means.

Most studies have reported that the number of capillaries per unit muscle cross-sectional area does not change with strength training (Lüthi et al. 1986; Tesch et al. 1990; Hather et al. 1991; McCall et al. 1996), although the number of capillaries per muscle fiber might increase slightly (Hather et al. 1991; McCall et al. 1996) or remain constant (Campos et al. 2002).

However, since PCSA is expected to increase to a greater extent than anatomical cross-sectional area because of the compensatory effects of pennation angle, this is likely a function of methodological weaknesses rather than any failure of resistance - training to produce meaningful changes in PCSA.

Similarly, Yasuda et al. (2014) found that gluteus maximus cross-sectional area was increased by 4.4 % after a 12 - week period of leg press training using blood flow restriction, 2 times per week, in elderly males and females.

The valves are cut to allow air past even when fully - closed, but since they restrict the cross-sectional area of the intake runners, the velocity of the incoming air is increased, resulting in better fuel atomization in idle and low - engine - speed conditions.

As the mortality rate increased, the basal area - the cross-sectional area at a height of 1.3 m of all trees larger than 10 cm in diameter, and an indicator of the amount of carbon stored - decreased.