«That tells us that most of this plume is primordial material and there are other materials hosted inside of this plume with low Helium - 3, -4, and these are likely
crustal materials sent into the mantle at ancient subduction zones.»
Crustal material is much cooler than mantle material, and therefore denser.
Near subduction zones, plates collide, forcing ocean crust down toward Earth's hot interior, where
this crustal material melts, forming magma that rises buoyantly back to the surface and erupts to create volcanoes and seamounts.
Not exact matches
Given that the seismic signature of this
material is essentially the same as
crustal igneous rocks, there is no way of telling - other than to drill and sample everything between the seabed and the top few hundred metres of unadulterated mantle.