I am sure about the output in
cubic kilometers from the glaciers and I am sure I am wrong as you point out with the Sverdrup calculation, haste made waste in this case.
Not exact matches
He however expressed the hope that the nation's proven gas reserve base currently put at 188 Trillion
Cubic Feet could actually be in excess of 600 Trillion Cubit Feet when developed, stressing that Nigeria remained the hub for natural gas supply in West African sub region with the construction of 681
kilometer West African Gas Pipiline which currently transmits gas
from the country to neighboring countries of Benin, Togo and Ghana.
In a review article recently published online in the journal Nature, researchers arrived at a new estimate for total usable global offshore groundwater: 500,000
cubic kilometers — a quantity 100 times greater than the amount of water extracted
from land aquifers since 1900, the study states.
On a yearly basis, nearly 63
cubic kilometers of water are drawn
from the aquifer, whereas the Indian government estimates that roughly 45
cubic kilometers of water recharge the aquifer annually.
The heartland of last century's Green Revolution lost 109
cubic kilometers of water
from its Indus River plain aquifer between August 2002 and October 2008.
From 1994 to 2003, the overall loss of ice shelf volume across the continent was negligible: about 25
cubic kilometers per year (plus or minus 64).
All told, an estimated 4 million
cubic kilometers of molten material emanated
from Siberian peaks and fissures over the course of about 800,000 years, with about two - thirds of that spilling forth before and during the mass extinction.
Scientists» early warnings came true just a month later, when around 700 million
cubic feet (20 million
cubic meters) of rock slid into the Qinggan River, just two miles (three
kilometers)
from where it flows into the Yangtze, spawning 65 - foot (20 - meter) waves that claimed the lives of 14 people.
The researchers discovered that Antarctic ice shelves shrank on average 25
cubic kilometers per year
from 1994 to 2003.
Allowing human water use, largely for agriculture, to expand
from 2,600
cubic kilometers today to 4,000
cubic kilometers in the future will allow further degradation at such environmental disaster sites as the drying Aral Sea in Asia and seven major rivers, including the Colorado in the U.S., that no longer reach the sea, notes David Molden, deputy director general for research at the International Water Management Institute in Sri Lanka.
But measurements
from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites, which weigh ice by measuring its gravitational tug
from space, suggest that West Antarctica as a whole is losing ice — together with the Antarctic Peninsula, about 150
cubic kilometers per year as of 2005.
The collaboration's report on the first cosmic neutrino records
from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, collected
from instruments embedded in one
cubic kilometer of ice at the South Pole, was published Nov. 22 in the journal Science.
Now, they have shown via computer simulation that, given more than a billion years, Martian winds were capable of digging up tens of thousands of
cubic kilometers of sediment
from the crater — largely thanks to turbulence, the swirling motion within the wind stream.
Warmth
from the Earth has melted about 2000
cubic kilometers of water, making Lake Vostok by far the largest of more than 70 known lakes within the Antarctic ice.
Stanley Ambrose of the University of Illinois believes that the Toba eruption, which spewed up to 3,000
cubic kilometers of material, caused so much death that only about 10,000 adult humans survived, and that all modern humans descend
from that tiny population.
The park is home to the Soudan Underground Laboratory, a 36,000
cubic meter facility that houses half a dozen physics experiments including one that uses a detector weighing 5400 metric tons to study neutrinos fired through the earth
from the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory 730
kilometers away in Batavia, Illinois.
Magma
from adjacent volcanoes filled in the bottom part of the rift, creating new continental crust and a dyke of roughly 2.5
cubic kilometers — twice as much material as erupted
from Mount St. Helens — more than two
kilometers below the surface.
Monthly measurements in the change in water mass
from December 2004 to November 2013 revealed the basin lost nearly 53 million acre feet (65
cubic kilometers) of freshwater, almost double the volume of the nation's largest reservoir, Nevada's Lake Mead.
The amount of erupted material jumped
from 0.2 to 0.6
cubic kilometer (0.05 to 0.14
cubic mile) annually.
A waste containment dam break spilled 160,000
cubic meters of coal ash into the Partizanskaya River and the Nahodka Bay watershed
from a ring dike disposal site near Partizansk in the Russian Far East 200
kilometers east of Vladivostok in May 2004.
RUSSIA A waste containment dam break spilled 160,000
cubic meters of coal ash into the Partizanskaya River and the Nahodka Bay watershed
from a ring dike disposal site near Partizansk in the Russian Far East 200
kilometers east of Vladivostok in May 2004.
The net loss in volume and hence sea level contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) has doubled in recent years
from 90 to 220
cubic kilometers / year has been noted recently (Rignot and Kanagaratnam, 2007).
What would be the likely total of
cubic kilometers freed
from the sheet itself and how does this translate to SLR and when?
In our paper, based on data
from Jason Box
from the Geologic Survey of Denmark and Greenland, we estimated that the Greenland ice sheet has already come out of equilibrium since the beginning of the 20th century and has since added about 13,000
cubic kilometers of meltwater to the ocean.
In the main text, they describe glaciers which have continued to have roughly constant mass balance loss, then neighboring glaciers which have suddenly sped up, with one going
from a mass loss of 5 to 36
cubic kilometers in nine years.
Accelerated ice discharge in the west and particularly in the east doubled the ice sheet mass deficit in the last decade
from 90 to 220
cubic kilometers per year.
In just over 30 years, sea ice volume has dropped precipitously, declining by 76 percent
from 1979 (16,855
cubic kilometers) to 2011 (4,017
cubic kilometers).
«The two outlets of the Mississippi River eventually discharge a combined average of 580
cubic kilometers per year» http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1133/geosetting.html So average amount water flowing
from Mississippi River in in just over 2 weeks.
BBC News reports that data
from Europe's Cryosat spacecraft shows that Arctic sea ice coverage was nearly 9,000
cubic kilometers (2,100
cubic miles) by the end of this year's melting season, up
from about 6,000
cubic kilometers (1,400
cubic miles) during the same time last year.
Exxon / Mobil and Oilsearch previously had proposed developing a US$ 3 billion, 4,000 -
kilometer, 3.6 - billion
cubic meter per year gas pipeline
from Papua - New Guinea's highlands to southern Queensland.
In 2005 the Greenland ice sheet lost around 53
cubic miles (220
cubic kilometers) of mass — more than two times the amount it lost in 1996 (22
cubic miles, or 90
cubic kilometers).5 The melt area set a new record in 2007: it was about 60 percent larger than the previous record in 1998, and extended farther inland.7, 8 By 2007 the melt season at elevations above 6,500 feet (2,000 meters) was a month longer than the average
from 1988 to 2006.9
It's roughly 326 million
cubic miles (1.332 billion
cubic kilometers), according to a recent study
from the U.S. Geological Survey.
and the accelerating negative trend continues; in 2006 Rignot et al published satellite data which showed «Accelerated ice discharge in the west and particularly in the east doubled the ice sheet mass deficit in the last decade
from 90 to 220
cubic kilometers per year.»
From 1961 to 2005, the thickness of «small» glaciers decreased approximately 12 meters, or the equivalent of more than 9,000
cubic kilometers of water.