Sentences with phrase «cubic kilometers per»

and the accelerating negative trend continues; in 2006 Rignot et al published satellite data which showed «Accelerated ice discharge in the west and particularly in the east doubled the ice sheet mass deficit in the last decade from 90 to 220 cubic kilometers per year.»

Generalized calving output by quadrant, in cubic kilometers per year water equivalent based on the assumption of an equilibrium state.

The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets began to shed ice at a rate, now several hundred cubic kilometers per year, which is continuing to accelerate [23]--[25].

«The two outlets of the Mississippi River eventually discharge a combined average of 580 cubic kilometers per year» http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1133/geosetting.html So average amount water flowing from Mississippi River in in just over 2 weeks.

Between April 2002 and April 2006, GRACE data uncovered ice mass loss in Greenland of 248 ± 36 cubic kilometers per year, an amount equivalent to a global sea rise of 0.5 ± 0.1 millimeters per year.

Figure 2 shows that both Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are now losing mass at significant rates, as much as a few hundred cubic kilometers per year.

«To create more than 35 gigatons per year of volcanic CO2 would require that magma across the globe be produced in amounts exceeding 850 cubic kilometers per year, even for magma hypothetically containing 1.5 - weight - percent CO2.

Accelerated ice discharge in the west and particularly in the east doubled the ice sheet mass deficit in the last decade from 90 to 220 cubic kilometers per year.

Earlier model intercomparisons suggest that a freshwater flow in the order of 0.1 Sv (the equivalent of 3,000 cubic kilometers per year) could be critical.

In a paper I published in 1990 we established the calving flux of the Jakoshavns Isbrae, the most productive glacier in Greenland at 40 cubic kilometers per year, it is retreating after 40 years of balance.

The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets began to shed ice at a rate, now several hundred cubic kilometers per year, which is continuing to accelerate [23]--[25].

But to give you a sense of the challenge, here are his estimates of the scale of the challenge: six billion metric tons of coal burned every year, producing 18 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide and requiring an underground storage volume of 30,000 cubic kilometers per year with untold consequences on subsurface pressure, mineral composition and the like.

But measurements from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites, which weigh ice by measuring its gravitational tug from space, suggest that West Antarctica as a whole is losing ice — together with the Antarctic Peninsula, about 150 cubic kilometers per year as of 2005.

The researchers discovered that Antarctic ice shelves shrank on average 25 cubic kilometers per year from 1994 to 2003.

For example, managing a given watershed may make more sense than managing the amount of global freshwater consumption to stay below an arbitrary, sustainable «limit» of 4,000 cubic kilometers per year.

From 1994 to 2003, the overall loss of ice shelf volume across the continent was negligible: about 25 cubic kilometers per year (plus or minus 64).

Even with a generous assumption that all Himalayan glacial melting since 1962 (roughly 13.4 cubic kilometers per year) was concentrated in the 150 - kilometer stretch of land closest to the study zone rather than spread across the entirety of the Himalayas, the scientists could explain, at most, 15 percent of the water loss in northwestern India.

Not exact matches

Emptying into the Jordan ten kilometers south of Lake Tiberias, the Yarmouk River has historically supplied the river with 400 million cubic meters of water per year.

A peak microplastics concentration was measured at Rees on the Nederhijn, where 3.9 million plastic items per square kilometer (or 21,839 particles per 1000 cubic meters) were found in a single water sample.

Earth System Threshold Measure Boundary Current Level Preindustrial Climate Change CO2 Concentration 350 ppm 387 ppm 280 ppm Biodiversity Loss Extinction Rate 10 pm > 100 pm * 0.1 - one pm Nitrogen Cycle N2 Tonnage 35 mmt ** 121 mmt 0 Phosphorous Cycle Level in Ocean 11 mmt 8.5 - 9.5 mmt — 1 mmt Ozone Layer O3 Concentration 276 DU # 283 DU 290 DU Ocean Acidification Aragonite ^ ^ Levels 2.75 2.90 3.44 Freshwater Usage Consumption 4,000 km3 ^ 2,600 km3 415 km3 Land Use Change Cropland Conversion 15 km3 11.7 km3 Low Aerosols Soot Concentration TBD TBD TBD Chemical Pollution TBD TBD TBD TBD * pm = per million ** mmt = millions of metric tons #DU = dobson unit ^ km3 = cubic kilometers ^ ^ Aragonite is a form of calcium carbonate.

The more recent drought accounted for more than 10 cubic kilometers of water lost per year.

In 2008 a satellite study based on rates of snowfall and ice movement estimated a loss of 210 cubic kilometers of ice per year — a 59 percent increase in the past decade.

Zmijewski and Becker found that each year throughout the decade, the watershed lost an average of 2.9 to 3.4 cubic miles (12 to 14 cubic kilometers) of water, or the equivalent of one Lake Mead per year.

On a global scale, the new results suggest that humans use about 10,700 cubic kilometers of water per year, more than all the water in Lakes Michigan, Huron, Ontario and Erie combined.

In this way, an estimated 3.4 liters of helium are generated per year per cubic kilometer of the Earth's crust.

When considered with earlier observations, the new measurements indicate that Make - make has a density of 1.7 ± 0.3 grams per cubic centimeter, which enabled the astronomers to deduce that the dwarf planet has the shape and appearance of an oblate spheroid — a sphere flattened slightly at both poles — with axes of 1,430 ± 9 kilometers and 1,502 ± 45 kilometers (889 ± 6 to 933 ± 28 miles).

Ice sheet mass decreased at 152 ± 80 cubic kilometers of ice per year, equal to 0.4 ± 0.2 millimeters of sea level rise per year.

Exxon / Mobil and Oilsearch previously had proposed developing a US$ 3 billion, 4,000 - kilometer, 3.6 - billion cubic meter per year gas pipeline from Papua - New Guinea's highlands to southern Queensland.

This proposed $ 2.7 billion Trans - Caspian Gas Pipeline would be 1,700 kilometers long and carry 16 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year.

Global mass balance data are transformed to sea - level equivalent by first multiplying the ice thickness (meters) lost to melting by the density of ice (about 900 kilograms per cubic meter), to obtain a water equivalent thickness, and then multiplying by the surface area of these «small» glaciers (about 760,000 square kilometers).