Sentences with phrase «cubic kilometres»

assuming it is correct as asserted by Alastiar McDonald that the Arctic has lost 14,000 cubic kilometres of ice since 1980... (any reference anyone?)

The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines, for example, ejected at least five cubic kilometres of ash and gas which rapidly spread around the globe, decreasing the average global temperature by 0.5 C.

A third of the permanent snow and ice on New Zealand's Southern Alps has now disappeared, according to research based on aerial surveys by the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research.The researchers say that that since 1977, the volume of ice on the nation's Southern Alps has shrunk by more than 18 cubic kilometres [continue reading...]

74000 years ago the Lake Toba supervolcano in Sumatra ejected 2800 cubic kilometres.

In 1883 Krakatoa ejected 12 cubic kilometres of material.

[3] Greenland's ice sheet is losing mass at about 300 cubic kilometres per year, with potentially devastating consequences for sea level rises.

The Tambora eruption in 1815 was at the low end of the VEI 7 classification with an estimated ejected volume of 160 cubic kilometres... and that caused the year without a summer in 1816.

This allowed the complete pattern of ice flow to be mapped, revealing that the regions glaciers are now pouring an additional 15 cubic kilometres of ice into the oceans each year compared to the 1990s.

For short periods, it peaked at ice loss rates of over 3000 cubic kilometres per year.»

«Our model experiments show that from 15000 to 13000 years ago, the Eurasian ice sheet lost 750 cubic kilometres of ice a year.

The new Leeds led research calls into question a recent study from the University of Bristol that reported 45 cubic kilometres per year increase in ice loss from the sector.

Remember you are working in cubic kilometres.

Every one of those cubic miles contains 4 (yes, rounded again) cubic kilometres of sea water.

However, despite this, the team reckon to have perhaps isolated a «global warming» signal in the accelerated run off of the Greenland Ice Mass — but only just, because the runoff at the edges is balanced by increasing central mass — again, they focus upon recent trends — a net loss of about 22 cubic kilometres in total ice mass per year which they regard as statistically not significant — to find the «signal», and a contradiction to their ealier context of air temperature cycles.

For example, the dwarf planet Ceres: «This 100 km - thick mantle (23 % — 28 % of Ceres by mass; 50 % by volume) contains 200 million cubic kilometres of water, which is more than the amount of fresh water on the Earth.»

If the 1.441 mm depth had warmed by 0.700 C same as the ocean - air interface then oceans would gain no heat, but the massive colder oceans below will only let 1.441 mm to < several tens - to - hundreds of metres > depth warm by 0.697 C and only when the entire ocean has warmed by 0.700 C in a few thousand years will it let that 1.441 mm depth warm the final 0.003 C and stop heat gain with 4,100 ZettaJoules of heat having been added to the oceans, enough to melt 13,666,666 cubic kilometres of ice.

The oceans hold three billion cubic kilometres of water, more that enough for any imaginable need.

The current volume of ice on Antarctica is 30 million cubic kilometres according to this source.

As a percentage change in temperature for entire ocean, it is small - because you need gigantic amounts of energy to shift the temperature of 1.3 billion cubic kilometres by 1 degree.

«Globally, the blue water footprint (i.e., the consumption of surface and groundwater resources) of food wastage is about 250 cubic kilometres, which is equivalent to the annual water discharge of the Volga river [in Russia], or three times the volume of [Switzerland's] Lake Geneva.

Worldwide CO2 emissions amounts to cubic kilometres every year, even if you compress down to a liquid.

The East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS): 25 million cubic kilometres, on various terrain, mostly separated from the sea and from the WAIS by various mountain ranges.

The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS): about 3 million cubic kilometres, averaging around 3 km thick.

«Ice loss is about 4.5 cubic kilometres of ice a year.»

«Cryosat found the volume (area multiplied by thickness) of sea ice in the central Arctic in March 2011 to have been 14,500 cubic kilometres.

This ice sheet is losing mass at a rather larger rate (around 220 cubic kilometres per year) and it will take only another 1 - 2 oC world warming to raise the summer melt zone to the top of the Greenland ice pack after which point, in my understanding, the ice sheet will go into irreversible melt.

So if as Arc says the ocean is 360 million sq km, then 2m rise is 720,000 cubic kilometres in a hundred years.

Estimates suggest that the total volume of magma involved was staggering, ranging between 5 and 10 million cubic kilometres.

The STIP erupted over one million cubic kilometres of lava, a large portion of it through a series of flat - lying lava conduits lying below Norilsk and the Talnakh Mountains.

At close to 8,000 cubic kilometres (cubic km), total sea ice volume in November stood at just 48 % of the long - term average and the smallest of any November in the satellite record stretching back to 1979.

The balloon will take ANITA up to 38 kilometres over the Antarctic ice cap, where it will circle the South Pole, allowing its antennas to scan a million cubic kilometres of ice at a time (10 to 15 per cent of the whole continent), making this the largest neutrino detector by far.

«This is all that remains after a massive collapse of sediment of about 32 cubic kilometres» volume more than 300,000 years ago,» he said.

For short periods, it peaked at ice loss rates of over 3000 cubic kilometres per year.»

«Our model experiments show that from 15000 to 13000 years ago, the Eurasian ice sheet lost 750 cubic kilometres of ice a year.

This rapidly increased gas pressure eventually allowed the magma to rupture the overlying crust, and send thousands of cubic kilometres of magma into the atmosphere,» explains Dr. Frances Deegan at the Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University.

James Famiglietti at the University of California, Irvine, used the twin GRACE satellites to find that 20 cubic kilometres of groundwater had disappeared from beneath the valley between October 2003 and March 2010.

But 30 dams on the Guadalquivir, with a total capacity of more than 4 cubic kilometres of water, plus local irrigation schemes, have caused water tables in the wetland to fall by up to 50 centimetres a year.

Two new studies indicate that at least some of the 2 million cubic kilometres of lava which spread over parts of Siberia 250 million years ago came from the lower mantle, up to 2900 kilometres below the Earth's surface, and a small fraction may even have come from the core itself.

Mercury, the closest planet to the sun, has about 100 cubic kilometres of frozen water at its poles, suggest measurements by NASA's Messenger spacecraft.

Volumes range from a few hundred cubic metres to more than a thousand cubic kilometres, and the larger ones can travel for hundreds of kilometres although none on that scale have occurred for several hundred thousand years.

As interplanetary dust is thought to have rained down on early Earth, it is likely that the stuff brought water to our planet, although it is difficult to conceive how it could account for the millions of cubic kilometres of water that cover Earth today.

About 100,000 cubic kilometres of material had to be removed to form the scar, which is five times the width and depth of the Grand Canyon.

Estimated changes in the mass of Greenland's ice sheet suggest it is melting at a rate of about 239 cubic kilometres (57.3 cubic miles) per year.

«A supervolcanic eruption spews out more than 1,000 cubic kilometres of magma, which accumulated over time in reservoirs close the earth's surface,» explains Prof. Dr Axel Schmitt of the Institute of Earth Sciences.

Tiwari and colleagues calculate that between 2002 and 2008 an average of 54 cubic kilometres — enough to fill more than 21 million Olympic swimming pools — was lost every year.

GREENLAND lost 1500 cubic kilometres of ice between 2000 and 2008, making it responsible for one - sixth of global sea - level rise.

Supervolcanoes are capable of releasing more than 1000 cubic kilometres of material in one eruption, enough to cover an entire continent with ash.

According to the EEA, 285 cubic kilometres of freshwater are extracted in Europe annually, equal to two Olympic swimming polls per capita.

India pumps 190 cubic kilometres of water a year from below ground, but only 120 cubic kilometres is replenished naturally, says the report.

This is just one of 80 such strings that will make up the IceCube Neutrino Observatory — an audacious attempt to turn a cubic kilometre of clear Antarctic ice into the world's largest neutrino detector.