Climate change results from
the cumulative emissions of greenhouse gases all over the world, because the gases stay in the atmosphere for a century or more.
Cumulative emissions of all greenhouse gases for 2012 — 2100 are 1,390 Gt CO2.
«In our mor recent global model simulations the ocean heat - uptake is slower than previously estimated, the ocean uptake of carbon is weaker, feedbacks from the land system as temperature rises are stronger,
cumulative emissions of greenhouse gases over the century are higher, and offsetting cooling from aerosol emissions is lower.
If you want to talk about equity, look at
the cumulative emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and going into the oceans and acidifying it, and the vast majority comes from the industrializied countries, the US and so forth — and the per capita emissions are much higher.
Other scientists have criticized the planetary boundaries as too generous (for example, allowing too much human appropriation of freshwater flows) or employing the wrong metric (atmospheric concentrations of CO2 rather than
cumulative emissions of greenhouse gases).
Not exact matches
One scientific framing that might work is to make a link between a certain level
of cumulative greenhouse gas emissions and future temperature rises.
«The average per capita resource use in wealthy countries is 5 to 10 times higher than in developing countries, and the developed countries are responsible for over three quarters
of cumulative greenhouse gas emissions from 1850 to 2000.»
His work has shown that limiting
cumulative emissions of carbon dioxide may be a more robust approach to climate change mitigation policy than attempting to define a «safe» stabilization level for atmospheric
greenhouse gases.
Drawing on experience building a customer base for various products over many years, Clark sees efforts to curb
emissions of greenhouse gases as a solution that — because
of the long - term and
cumulative nature
of warming risks — is offered well ahead
of public recognition
of the problem (truly disruptive changes to conditions and resources humans depend on).
Clear decrease in average rainfall over Central America as a consequence
of 21st century climate change, depending on the height
of cumulative greenhouse gas emissions.
The aim in limiting
greenhouse gas emissions should be to keep Earth's climate as close as possible to what it has been during the Holocene, say the study authors, adding that doing so depends on the
cumulative amount
of emissions released into the atmosphere throughout the industrial period, not just those emitted today.
In terms
of cumulative emissions, by 2030 (that is, the 1850 - 2030 period) the share
of greenhouse gas emissions of China would reach about 16 %
of the world's total.
A global phase - down could avoid 1.1 — 1.7 billion metric tons CO2 equivalent (CO2 equivalent is a measure used to compare impacts
of greenhouse gases based on their global warming potential in relation to CO2)
of GHG
emissions per year by 2030, with
cumulative emission reductions
of nearly 100 billion metric tons CO2 equivalent by 2050.
«(iii) by country, annual total, annual per capita, and
cumulative anthropogenic
emissions of greenhouse gases for the top 50 emitting nations;
«(A) global and country - specific annual
emissions of greenhouse gases, and
cumulative greenhouse gas emissions produced between 1850 and the present, including --
According to Ward's full commentary, accepted for publication in the same journal as Lomborg's paper, «Projections
of global mean surface temperature for the period up to 2100 are based on
cumulative annual global
emissions of greenhouse gases up to the end
of the century.
The near - linear rate
of anthropogenic warming (predominantly from anthropogenic
greenhouse gases) is shown in sources such as: «Deducing Multidecadal Anthropogenic Global Warming Trends Using Multiple Regression Analysis» «The global warming hiatus — a natural product
of interactions
of a secular warming trend and a multi-decadal oscillation» «The Origin and Limits
of the Near Proportionality between Climate Warming and
Cumulative CO2 Emissions» «Sensitivity of climate to cumulative carbon emissions due to compensation of ocean heat and carbon uptake» «Return periods of global climate fluctuations and the pause» «Using data to attribute episodes of warming and cooling in instrumental records» «The proportionality of global warming to cumulative carbon emissions» «The sensitivity of the proportionality between temperature change and cumulative CO2 emissions to ocean mix
Cumulative CO2
Emissions» «Sensitivity of climate to cumulative carbon emissions due to compensation of ocean heat and carbon uptake» «Return periods of global climate fluctuations and the pause» «Using data to attribute episodes of warming and cooling in instrumental records» «The proportionality of global warming to cumulative carbon emissions» «The sensitivity of the proportionality between temperature change and cumulative CO2 emissions to ocean mixi
Emissions» «Sensitivity
of climate to
cumulative carbon emissions due to compensation of ocean heat and carbon uptake» «Return periods of global climate fluctuations and the pause» «Using data to attribute episodes of warming and cooling in instrumental records» «The proportionality of global warming to cumulative carbon emissions» «The sensitivity of the proportionality between temperature change and cumulative CO2 emissions to ocean mix
cumulative carbon
emissions due to compensation of ocean heat and carbon uptake» «Return periods of global climate fluctuations and the pause» «Using data to attribute episodes of warming and cooling in instrumental records» «The proportionality of global warming to cumulative carbon emissions» «The sensitivity of the proportionality between temperature change and cumulative CO2 emissions to ocean mixi
emissions due to compensation
of ocean heat and carbon uptake» «Return periods
of global climate fluctuations and the pause» «Using data to attribute episodes
of warming and cooling in instrumental records» «The proportionality
of global warming to
cumulative carbon emissions» «The sensitivity of the proportionality between temperature change and cumulative CO2 emissions to ocean mix
cumulative carbon
emissions» «The sensitivity of the proportionality between temperature change and cumulative CO2 emissions to ocean mixi
emissions» «The sensitivity
of the proportionality between temperature change and
cumulative CO2 emissions to ocean mix
cumulative CO2
emissions to ocean mixi
emissions to ocean mixing»
«The BLM's environmental analysis for the March lease sale completely fails to quantify
of the very real, direct
greenhouse gas emissions that will result from allowing these areas to be drilled and fracked and both analyses fail to quantify
cumulative impacts from
greenhouse gases.
To put the necessary cap on total
cumulative greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions, leaders also agreed on net - zero
emissions; that is, there must be «a balance between anthropogenic
emissions by sources and removals by sinks
of greenhouse gases in the second half
of this century».1
The company projects that adopting these technologies across 30
of the world's megacities could create more than two million jobs and avoid three billion tonnes
of cumulative greenhouse gas emissions.
Because all 2013 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios — except Representative Concentration Pathway 2.6 (RCP2.6), which leads to the total radiative forcing
of greenhouse gases of 2.6 W m − 2 in 2100 — imply that
cumulative carbon
emission will exceed 1,000 Gt in the twenty - first century, our results suggest that anthropogenic interference will make the initiation
of the next ice age impossible over a time period comparable to the duration
of previous glacial cycles.»
Each molecule
of carbon dioxide, which is the most important long - lived manmade
greenhouse gas, can remain in the atmosphere for as many as 1,000 years, making it more urgent to cut
emissions in the near future, or face continued
cumulative warming for centuries to come.
The majority
of the world's people live at what would be considered desperate poverty levels in developed countries, the average per capita material and energy use in developed countries is higher than in developing countries by a factor
of 5 to 10 [25], and the developed countries are responsible for over three quarters
of cumulative greenhouse gas emissions from 1850 to 2000 [85].
Cumulative emissions give some indication
of who is responsible for the build - up in the atmospheric concentration
of greenhouse gases (IEA, 2007, p. 199).