Foreign borrowers issuing in Australia and seeking to swap back to their home currency usually receive favourable prices in
the currency swap market because of greater demand by Australian borrowers to do the reverse — i.e. borrow in foreign currency and swap into Australian dollars.
Interactive Brokers calculates an internal funding rate based on a combination of internationally recognized benchmarks on overnight deposits (ex: Fed funds, LIBOR) and real time market rates as traded, measured, in the interbank short - term
currency swap markets, the world's largest and most liquid market.
Not exact matches
Swinburne said European politicians are now starting to realise this, telling BI: «Now they're starting to realise that a
swap, which is the major
market that London actually holds, is just that: there's another
currency on the other side of it.
After plunging to a record low of 15.95 to the U.S. dollar on September 25, the Argentine peso clawed its way back to 8.5525 on Monday as a crackdown on trading, a bond sale and a
currency swap with China curbed transactions in both the legal and underground
currency markets.
Figuring out ways to regulate trading by sophisticated investors in derivatives, which go by exotic names such as «
currency forwards» and «credit default
swaps,» is a hot topic in international policy circles, largely because failures on this murky side of the
market are blamed for the 2008 global credit meltdown and the recession that followed.
I have used a fall in exports to show how constrained Beijing's policy choices are, but I could just have easily done the same using as an example any change in the
currency regime, the reform of the hukou system, the de-industrialization of the bankrupt northeast provinces, the development of the OBOR and Silk Road projects, changes in interest rates or minimum reserves, protecting the stock
market from crashing, the provincial bond
swaps, changes in the tax regime, improving energy and environmental policies, and so on.
On the
currency market, according to the PBOC document seen on Wednesday, reserve ratios will be set at 20 % of the nominal value of forwards and
swap contracts, and fixed at 10 % of the nominal value of principal for options.
As usual, most offshore issuance was denominated in foreign
currencies, with companies typically using
swap markets to hedge the proceeds back to Australian dollars.
Similarly, disruptions to
markets for credit default
swaps, or even simple foreign
currency swaps, had a significant impact on the operations of institutions that relied on these
markets to hedge their exposures and manage funding.
Adjusted EBITDA and segment Adjusted EBITDA reflect adjustments for interest expense, net, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization, including accelerated depreciation, and the following adjustments discussed above: non-cash mark - to -
market adjustments and cash settlements on interest rate
swaps, provision for legal settlement, transaction costs and integration costs, restructuring and plant closure costs, assets held for sale, inventory valuation adjustments on acquired businesses, mark - to -
market adjustments on commodity and foreign exchange hedges and foreign
currency gains and losses on intercompany loans.
As is usual, most offshore issuance by Australian borrowers was denominated in foreign
currencies, with companies typically using
swap markets to convert the proceeds back to Australian dollars.
For example, if Bitcoin is not a
currency, then Bitcoin forwards and Bitcoin
swaps that involve the exchange of Bitcoin for another
currency will not fall under the statutory definitions of the more lightly regulated foreign exchange forwards or foreign exchange
swaps.10 Likewise, retail trading of Bitcoin derivatives will be limited to designated contract
markets, rather than subject to the retail foreign exchange dealer regulations.11 Treating Bitcoin as a commodity that is not a
currency dovetails with the stances taken by other U.S. regulators such as the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN)(virtual
currency does not have all of the attributes of real
currency) 12, the Securities and Exchange Commission (Bitcoin investments are investment contracts because Bitcoin is a form of money) 13 and the Internal Revenue Service (treating Bitcoin as property for tax purposes).14
Most offshore issuance by Australian borrowers in the September quarter was denominated in foreign
currencies (with companies typically using
swap markets to hedge the proceeds back to Australian dollars).
Some
markets, like interest rate and
currency swaps, are OTC but (like foreign exchange forwards) are for many instruments normally very liquid and not terribly risky (and like the analogy to forwards, you also have ones that are thin, like long dated forwards or exotic
currencies).
The proceeds from the issuance of these bonds can be used by companies to break into foreign
markets, or can be converted into the issuing company's local
currency to be used on existing operations through the use of foreign exchange
swap hedges.
Single
currency portfolios seek to profit by investing in a single
currency through the use of short - term money
market instruments, cash deposits, and derivatives, such as forward
currency contracts, index
swaps, and options.
This portfolio invests in derivative instruments such as
swaps, options, futures contracts, forward
currency contracts, indexed and asset - backed securities, to be announced (TBAs) securities, interest rate
swaps, credit default
swaps, and certain exchange - traded funds that involve risks including liquidity, interest rate,
market,
currency, counterparty, credit and management risks, mispricing or improper valuation, low correlation with the underlying asset, rate, or index and could lose more than originally invested.
The investment management services operations and corporate operations enter into OTC derivatives, such as interest rate
swaps,
currency swaps, credit default
swaps and total return
swaps, which predominately trade in liquid
markets.
Having a strong
currency might be fine for Germany, but what of Greece, where the credit default
swap market is pricing in a 12 % + probability of default over the next five years?
When this method is utilized, the BarterDEX exchange can perform
swaps for any
currency as long as there is a liquid BTC / KMD
market.
Trading and
market making for bitcoin (XBT) pose no more challenges than dealing in foreign
currencies, derivatives, or interest rate
swaps.