Sentences with phrase «current sea surface»

For example I would encourage people to take a look at current sea surface temperature anomalies for Hudson Bay as an example.

The map below show current sea surface temperature anomalies — that is the difference from average temperatures.

As a result, directly comparing the Sea Surface Temperature data from the early 20th century to the current Sea Surface Temperature data is like «comparing apples and oranges» — there have been too many changes in the data sources for such comparisons to have much meaning.

But this is in a period that the Bureau has predicted is likely, based on statistical analysis of historical data and current sea surface conditions, to be warmer than the historical average (see here.

Based on current sea surface temperatures, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has issued an alert for the Western Pacific and the Caribbean.

Not exact matches

This cycle coincides with the natural rise and fall of sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic, which fluctuate roughly 0.2 degree Celsius every 60 years as warm currents shift.

Situated at 870 meters below the sea surface in Barkley Canyon, Wally uses a camera, methane detector and current flow meter to take stock of the release of methane bubbles from the seafloor.

Thomsen and his colleagues have discovered that changes in ocean currents triggered by storms raging on the sea surface can alter the release of gas from the hydrate mounds.

The Yenikapı station sits 65 feet below the surface, while the oldest remains at the site, dating from the Neolithic period, were found more than 20 feet below the current sea level.

In the new set - up, a real - world seasonal forecast driven by data on current sea - surface temperatures will be run alongside a simulated «no global warming» seasonal forecast, in which greenhouse gas emissions have been stripped out.

The future of the currents, whether slowing, stopping or reversing (as was observed during several months measurements), could have a profound effect on regional weather patterns — from colder winters in Europe to a much warmer Caribbean (and hence warmer sea surface temperatures to feed hurricanes).

The Sanchi tanker collision occurred on the border between the Yellow and East China seas, an area with complex, strong and highly variable surface currents.

Also, the Jason - 3 measurements of ocean waves and ocean surface topography will be essential inputs to numerical forecasts of sea state and ocean currents and to other applications in the areas of marine meteorology and operational oceanography.

«Examining surface currents suggests that the North Queensland Coastal Current in the Coral Sea, which would normally flush and cool the Northern Great Barrier Reef, actually did the opposite.

This is an important finding because current estimates of biological activity in surface waters of the ocean rely on instruments aboard satellites that measure the color of the sea surface, which changes along with levels of chlorophyll - a, an assessment that will miss blooms of other organisms, such as bacteria.

This current forms off the coast of Antarctica as cold winds off the ice sheet cool the sea surface.

This leads us to think that in the near future we should be able to map currents from space by detecting even smaller variations in sea surface height.»

On top of those there are smaller, shorter variations due to sea surface currents.

The disappearing act could affect far - away weather patterns, as changes at the sea surface affect air currents that steer powerful weather - makers such as the jet stream.

Many NASA satellites observe environmental factors that are associated with El Niño evolution and its impacts, including sea surface temperature, sea surface height, surface currents, atmospheric winds and ocean color.

The currents caused by large, swirling eddies at the ocean's surface may reach all the way to the sea floor, a new study suggests.

Generally, fish eggs float toward the sea surface and the young drift in the surface currents until they mature and swim to the depths where they live out their lives.

«As revealed by monthly snapshots of sea surface height from satellite imagery and other estimates, the Loop Current from late winter through summer 2012 was positioned to the west of the shelf slope in deeper water,» Weisberg explained.

The upper part of the modern Arctic Ocean is flushed by North Atlantic currents while the Arctic's deep basins are flushed by salty currents formed during sea ice formation at the surface.

A team of scientists led by researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory modified the current formula to calculate Potential Intensity by including the effects of upper - ocean mixing, sea - surface cooling, and salinity during a cyclone.

Currents in the deep ocean exist because of changes in the density of sea water occurring at the surface.

The cut itself is about 9m deep and the occasionally strong tidal currents of Ambergris Caye provide a constant stream of food for the waiting filter feeders like the gorgonian sea fans and sponges that adorn the walls of the reef, which rises to the surface on either side sheltering turtles, crabs, morays and hundreds of small reef fish.

The bottom or surface of the sea bed is constantly changing due to under water currents shifting and moving the sand around.

The current was weakening towards slack — the moment between tides when the sea becomes motionless and kelp bulbs expose themselves to the calm pewter surface of Puget Sound.

The Egyptian section of the Red Sea south of Hurghada is exposed to some strong offshore currents, has deep sites and frequent surface swells.

Other factors would include: — albedo shifts (both from ice > water, and from increased biological activity, and from edge melt revealing more land, and from more old dust coming to the surface...); — direct effect of CO2 on ice (the former weakens the latter); — increasing, and increasingly warm, rain fall on ice; — «stuck» weather systems bringing more and more warm tropical air ever further toward the poles; — melting of sea ice shelf increasing mobility of glaciers; — sea water getting under parts of the ice sheets where the base is below sea level; — melt water lubricating the ice sheet base; — changes in ocean currents -LRB-?)

It appears to me that the surface thermohaline currents in the conveyor must be mediated by sea - level inhomogeneities (long - lived, average ones).

The model variables that are evaluated against all sorts of observations and measurements range from solar radiation and precipitation rates, air and sea surface temperatures, cloud properties and distributions, winds, river runoff, ocean currents, ice cover, albedos, even the maximum soil depth reached by plant roots (seriously!).

Predicting sea ice extent is easy if you can mentally calculate wind variations, momentum, sea currents, multi year ice compression ratios, tidal synergy with weather patterns, the AO, the temperature of ice sea water and air, how cloudy it will be, salinity, pycnocline convection rates, sea surface to air interface, CO2 exchange, ice thickness distributions.....

Given all the independent lines of evidence pointing to average surface warming over the last few decades (satellite measurements, ocean temperatures, sea - level rise, retreating glaciers, phenological changes, shifts in the ranges of temperature - sensitive species), it is highly implausible that it would lead to more than very minor refinements to the current overall picture.

You can see the current «cold blob» when looking at maps of the sea surface temperature for example on Climate Reanalyzer.

How would this change in currents affect the amount of heat in the surface layer that is transported into the Arctic and contributes to melting the Arctic Sea Ice?

The warm sea surface temperatures in the gyres, during hiatus decades, indicate convergence of near - surface currents and strong downwelling of heat.

I recall mention that Katrina was unusual because while crossing the Gulf «Ring Current» the deeper water pulled up by the hurricane was almost as warm as the sea surface, so the deeper water fed almost as much heat energy into the storm as the surface.

There seems to be little exchange in surface waters between the NH and SH (as good as is the case for air currents), see the main sea currents.

The corresponding intensification of the atmospheric Walker circulation is also associated with sea surface cooling in the eastern Pacific, which has been identified as one of the contributors to the current pause in global surface warming.

Flat stretches of sea floor offer no nooks in which to hide or lay eggs, less surface area providing a home for algae, invertebrates, and other potential food sources, and no eddies in which fish can take shelter from strong currents.

Cazenave, A., D. P. Chambers, P. Cipollini, L. L. Fu, J. W. Hurell, M. Merrifield, R. S. Nerem, H. P. Plag, C. K. Shum, and J. Willis, 2010: The challenge of measuring sea level rise and regional and global trends, Geodetic observations of ocean surface topography, ocean currents, ocean mass, and ocean volume changes.

This large amount of freshwater to the ocean could stop vertical deep sea currents which depend on a starting from surface downwards on a delicate balance between fresh and salty water and temperatures.

Most interesting is that the about monthly variations correlate with the lunar phases (peak on full moon) The Helsinki Background measurements 1935 The first background measurements in history; sampling data in vertical profile every 50 - 100m up to 1,5 km; 364 ppm underthe clouds and above Haldane measurements at the Scottish coast 370 ppmCO2 in winds from the sea; 355 ppm in air from the land Wattenberg measurements in the southern Atlantic ocean 1925-1927 310 sampling stations along the latitudes of the southern Atlantic oceans and parts of the northern; measuring all oceanographic data and CO2 in air over the sea; high ocean outgassing crossing the warm water currents north (> ~ 360 ppm) Buchs measurements in the northern Atlantic ocean 1932 - 1936 sampling CO2 over sea surface in northern Atlantic Ocean up to the polar circle (Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Barents Sea); measuring also high CO2 near Spitsbergen (Spitsbergen current, North Cape current) 364 ppm and CO2 over sea crossing the Atlantic from Kopenhagen to Newyork and back (Brements on a swedish island Lundegards CO2 sampling on swedish island (Kattegatt) in summer from 1920 - 1926; rising CO2 concentration (+7 ppm) in the 20s; ~ 328 ppm yearly aversea; 355 ppm in air from the land Wattenberg measurements in the southern Atlantic ocean 1925-1927 310 sampling stations along the latitudes of the southern Atlantic oceans and parts of the northern; measuring all oceanographic data and CO2 in air over the sea; high ocean outgassing crossing the warm water currents north (> ~ 360 ppm) Buchs measurements in the northern Atlantic ocean 1932 - 1936 sampling CO2 over sea surface in northern Atlantic Ocean up to the polar circle (Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Barents Sea); measuring also high CO2 near Spitsbergen (Spitsbergen current, North Cape current) 364 ppm and CO2 over sea crossing the Atlantic from Kopenhagen to Newyork and back (Brements on a swedish island Lundegards CO2 sampling on swedish island (Kattegatt) in summer from 1920 - 1926; rising CO2 concentration (+7 ppm) in the 20s; ~ 328 ppm yearly aversea; high ocean outgassing crossing the warm water currents north (> ~ 360 ppm) Buchs measurements in the northern Atlantic ocean 1932 - 1936 sampling CO2 over sea surface in northern Atlantic Ocean up to the polar circle (Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Barents Sea); measuring also high CO2 near Spitsbergen (Spitsbergen current, North Cape current) 364 ppm and CO2 over sea crossing the Atlantic from Kopenhagen to Newyork and back (Brements on a swedish island Lundegards CO2 sampling on swedish island (Kattegatt) in summer from 1920 - 1926; rising CO2 concentration (+7 ppm) in the 20s; ~ 328 ppm yearly aversea surface in northern Atlantic Ocean up to the polar circle (Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Barents Sea); measuring also high CO2 near Spitsbergen (Spitsbergen current, North Cape current) 364 ppm and CO2 over sea crossing the Atlantic from Kopenhagen to Newyork and back (Brements on a swedish island Lundegards CO2 sampling on swedish island (Kattegatt) in summer from 1920 - 1926; rising CO2 concentration (+7 ppm) in the 20s; ~ 328 ppm yearly averSea); measuring also high CO2 near Spitsbergen (Spitsbergen current, North Cape current) 364 ppm and CO2 over sea crossing the Atlantic from Kopenhagen to Newyork and back (Brements on a swedish island Lundegards CO2 sampling on swedish island (Kattegatt) in summer from 1920 - 1926; rising CO2 concentration (+7 ppm) in the 20s; ~ 328 ppm yearly aversea crossing the Atlantic from Kopenhagen to Newyork and back (Brements on a swedish island Lundegards CO2 sampling on swedish island (Kattegatt) in summer from 1920 - 1926; rising CO2 concentration (+7 ppm) in the 20s; ~ 328 ppm yearly average

-- higher temperatures give more CO2 from the oceans which, even after fractionation at the sea surface, has a higher d13C level than the current atmosphere.

When sceptics look at statistical data, whether it is recent ice melt, deep sea temperatures, current trend in global surface temperatures, troposphere temperatures, ice core records etc. they look at the data as it is without any pre-conceptions and describe what it says.

They describe abnormally warm or cool sea surface temperatures in the South Pacific that are caused by changing ocean currents.

In the North Sea, surface temperatures are projected to increase 3.6 - 6.3 ° F (2 - 3.5 ° C) by the end of the century, if our emissions continue to rise at current rates.14, 15 If we make significant efforts to reduce our emissions, the increase in North Sea temperatures could be limited to 2.7 - 3.6 ° F (1.5 - 2 ° C).14, 15

Climate models are like weather models for the atmosphere and land, except they have to additionally predict the ocean currents, sea - ice changes, include seasonal vegetation effects, possibly even predict vegetation changes, include aerosols and possibly atmospheric chemistry, so they are not like weather models after all, except for the atmospheric dynamics, land surface, and cloud / precipitation component.