Sentences with word «cytoplasmic»

When the Saad group put molecules of the intact, full - length cytoplasmic tail of gp41 into the micelle solution, they found that the structures of each of the pieces were maintained in the intact structure.

Wolbachia are maternally transmitted and, in some hosts, provide infected females with a relative fitness advantage by cytoplasmic incompatibility, male killing or other forms of reproductive manipulation.

In order to keep step with the «quickened» mitochondrial translation, somatic cells activated the mTOR signaling pathway in order to accelerate cytoplasmic translation and balance mitochondrial translation.

Among 18 conceptions aided by cytoplasmic transfer at St. Barnabas, two had Turner's — about six times the natural rate.

1980 Mathieson R and Kitts W. Binding of Phytoestrogen and Estradiol 17 - B by Cytoplasmic Receptors in the Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus in the Ewe.

Autophagy provides the controlled destruction of old or damaged subcellular organelles (e.g., mitochondria) or other objects inside eukaryotic cells; after cytoplasmic membranes rearrange to surround the targets, those bodies merge with lysosomes (small packages of hydrolytic enzymes) so the targets are completely broken down without exposing the rest of the cell to that destruction.

The group first transduced a CD4ζ construct (CD4 extracellular and transmembrane domains fused with cytoplasmic domain of TCR CD3ζ chain linked to GFP — See Figure) into hESCs and hiPSCs using the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system and positive clones selected for by antibiotic resistance, giving clones with strong CD4ζ - GFP expression (37).

Using these technologies, we can observe single mRNAs as they are transcribed and processed, as they export from the nucleus, localize to cytoplasmic compartments such as dendritic processes of neurons, and finally when and where they translate and are degraded.

For instance, by ensuring that infected males can't reproduce with uninfected females — a phenomenon called cytoplasmic incompatibility — the bacteria can maximize the number of infected offspring in the next generation and sweep through populations in very little time.

Anti-β-actin antibody (Sigma - Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used to confirm equal protein loading of cytoplasmic fractions.

See Figure 2 for an example of what fluorescence looks like for cytoplasmic mitochondrial Rosella with and without autophagy.

SV = Secretory vesicle; RER = Rough endoplasmic reticulum; BM = Basement membrane; MFG = Milk fat globule; CLD = Cytoplasmic lipid droplet; N = Nucleus; PC = Plasma cell; FDA = Fat - depleted adipocyte; TJ = Tight junction; GJ = Gap junction; D = Desmosome; ME = Myoepithelial cell.

It is a progressive leukoencephalopathy whose hallmark is the widespread accumulation of Rosenthal fibers which are cytoplasmic inclusions in astrocytes.

Organelles such as mitochondria and lysosomes must traverse this crowded, ever - changing cytoplasmic space to deliver materials to various parts of a cell.

Female infertility is often linked to abnormalities in cytoplasmic components that help ensure proper sorting of chromosomes during cell division.

In May biologists at the Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Science of St. Barnabas Medical Center in Livingston, New Jersey, reported that three of 16 babies born through cytoplasmic transfer at their center indeed carried mitochondrial DNA from the donor cytoplasm.

In an ultrathin section of infected DEF cells obtained 24 hrs post-infection, dense particles measuring 30 to 40 nm in diameter were found within cytoplasmic vesicles in large numbers (Fig. 4E) by electron microscopy (EM).

The pigment which is responsible for the skin colour, it is made from cytoplasmic organelles known as melanosomes.

Bacteria frequently engage in contact - dependent interactions, in which cells transfer cytoplasmic materials such as proteins or DNA to other bacterial cells.

DDX3 harbors nucleotide triphosphatase - deoxynucleotide triphosphatase activity (1), ATPase - dependent RNA helicase activity, and a nuclear - cytoplasmic shuttling localization function (5).

Total 4E - BP1 and p - 4E - BP1 was predominantly cytoplasmic, although additional nuclear localization was seen in a small subset of tumor cells.

Nuclear extracts were prepared from H2122 cells using NE - PER Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Extraction Reagents (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL, USA).

Demonstrated that abortively infected cells activate caspase - 1 to produce a fiery cell death known as pyroptosis, causing significant inflammation as they release their entire cytoplasmic contents, including inflammatory cytokines, into the extracellular space.

The PERY peptide specifically blocked the interaction of p38 and JNK with the importins, restricted their nuclear translocation, and inhibited phosphorylation of their nuclear (but not cytoplasmic) substrates.

This process was altered in the transgenic fruit flies as these showed cytoplasmic accumulation of RNA - binding proteins.

The underlying research themes in the Stern laboratory are chloroplast biology, bioenergy and nuclear - cytoplasmic interactions.

The Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCLs) are a group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases characterized by accumulation of autofluorescent cytoplasmic antibodies within cells of the nervous system.

We have also recently shown that although both mRNAs reside in the same large cytoplasmic structures resembling Processing Bodies in stage 9 oocytes, their sub-compartmentalisation within P - bodies correlates with different states of translation (12).

The channel comprises an integral membrane pore, an integral membrane voltage sensor domain, and a large cytoplasmic region that confers Ca2 + sensitivity.

The researchers found that cytoplasmic forms of Rbfox1 were required for germ cell development in Drosophila.

Lloyd Trotman, Muhan Chen, Dawid Nowak, and colleagues discovered that this may be due to defects in a protein called Importin - 11 that transports PTEN into the nucleus, sheltering PTEN from cytoplasmic proteins that would otherwise target it for degradation.

Actin pulls upon and stabilizes soluble cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding proteins into longer, insoluble prion - like fibers, a process believed to be key to stabilizing long - term memories.

«New cytoplasmic role for proteins linked to neurological diseases, cancers.»

Using gene mapping and gene validation, researchers from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) were able to identify cytoplasmic FMR1 - interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) as a major genetic risk factor for binge eating.

Kihoon Han, Hongmei Chen, Vincenzo Alessandro Gennarino, Hui - Chen Lu, Huda Y. Zoghbi (2014) «Fragile X-like behaviors and abnormal cortical dendritic spines in cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting protein 2 mutant mice», Human Mol.

Interestingly, most patients with ALS and / or FTD, including the ones with C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeats, have aberrant cytoplasmic aggregates of normally nuclear RNA - binding proteins.

They kill cells by releasing small cytoplasmic granules of proteins called perforin and granzyme that cause the target cell to die by apoptosis (programmed cell death).