Sentences with phrase «d spatial patterns»

In the comparison, the 3 - d spatial patterns are most important.

[Response: I pointed it out mainly so that you'd notice the comparisons (i.e. figures 3,4 and 5) which all have spatial patterns derived from the proxy reconstructions.

The simulated change of GM in the last 30 yr has a spatial pattern that differs from that during the Medieval Warm Period, suggesting that global warming that arises from the increases of greenhouse gases and the input solar forcing may have different effects on the characteristics of GM precipitation.

Not exact matches

I am less interested here to press my description of the particular values that inhere in academic life than I am to insist that, whatever their identity, they are built into the institution's spatial and temporal forms, its patterns of behavior, and its ideological set; and that value, both systemic and sentient, has a profound socializing effect.

But we also have toys that promote key skills for future math and science success: spatial reasoning, pattern recognition, matching, logic and building.

One of the main goals of these plots has been to evaluate spatial patterns in tropical tree populations.

«By refining the spatial pattern of mass loss in the world's second largest — and most unstable — ice sheet, and learning how that pattern has evolved, we are steadily increasing our understanding of ice loss processes, which will lead to better - informed projections of sea level rise.»

Thus, we have the following: Under the cognitive load of thinking — which almost always entailed visualization, pattern matching and generating the spatial imagery to form analogies — my damaged brain would rapidly grow fatigued.

In Panels C and D, the observed activity pattern (blue) was very similar to that observed in the spatial - imagery localizer scan (i.e., activity in both the parahippocampal gyrus and the supplementary motor area), indicating a «no» response.

With collaborators in the biology department, Dr. Weiss applied these ultrasensitive techniques to investigate the Hedgehog signaling pathway — a critical mechanism that helps give rise to the spatial patterning in developing embryos, but has also been identified as a key culprit in up to 25 % of cancer deaths.

Krist et al. (2014) suggest that expected climate changes would increase pathogen and insect risks to forests beyond those mapped in Figure 4 - 9 or, at a minimum, alter the spatial patterns of risk.

For example, center researchers will be investigating the hypothesis that some high - functioning autistic adults have exceptional visual, spatial and pattern - recognition abilities that give them a unique advantage for certain tasks such as data visualization

In the tropics, there has been an overall improvement in the AOGCM simulation of the spatial pattern and frequency of ENSO, but problems remain in simulating its seasonal phase locking and the asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña episodes.

Examination of the geographical distribution of the differences in 0 to 700 m heat content between the 1977 — 1981 and 1965 — 1969 pentads and the 1986 — 1990 and 1977 — 1981 pentads shows that the pattern of heat content change has spatial scales of entire ocean basins and is also found in similar analyses by Ishii et al. (2006).

Through image analysis of breast tumors and TDLNs, we have found that immune cell populations as well as their spatial distributions and clustering patterns have strong correlation with clinical outcome.

«They're accurately capturing the spatial patterns in hydrologic changes, and they've got the basic physics right.

While even the most well - executed 3D narrative films have hardly depended on the gimmick for anything more than bonus effect, 3D actively enhances the audience's understanding of the subject in «Pina,» where movement patterns and spatial deconstruction in the late Pina Bausch's choreography are brought to the fore, replicating the immediacy and interactivity of live performance.

Handwriting contains thousands of variables, and the experiences the writer has accumulated throughout a lifetime and their response to them creates a distinct pattern in the spatial arrangement of the writing on the page, the way the letters are formed, and the rhythm and movement of the writing.

[3] The importance of this contribution has been rapidly acknowledged within the scientific community and has prompted an entirely new trajectory of kelp forest research, particularly emphasizing the potential for a spatial refuge from climate change also the explanations to evolutionary patterns of kelps worldwide.

In a second step, we apply the method to reconstructing 2 - D sea level data over 1950 — 2003, combining sparse tide gauge records available since 1950, with EOF spatial patterns from different sources: (1) thermosteric sea level grids over 1955 — 2003, (2) sea level grids from Topex / Poseidon satellite altimetry over 1993 — 2003, and (3) dynamic height grids from the SODA reanalysis over 1958 — 2001.

These in turn have non-linear effects on malarial epidemiology, via changing spatial patterns of temperature and precipitation combined with the spatial pattern of human populations and the genetic resistance to malaria therein.

Different time spans (in the range 10 — 50 yr) for the EOF spatial patterns, and different geographical distributions for the 1 - D thermosteric sea level time series (interpolated at specific locations from the 2 - D grids), are successively used to reconstruct the 54 - year long thermosteric sea level signal.

«This study investigates past sea level reconstruction (over 1950 — 2003) based on tide gauge records and EOF spatial patterns from different 2 - D fields.

But, on the basis of studies of nonlinear chaotic models with preferred states or «regimes», it has been argued, that the spatial patterns of the response to anthropogenic forcing may in fact project principally onto modes of natural climate variability.

I have published a number of studies on the value of using some simple metrics of the spatial patterns of global temperature change, rather than just global mean temperature change.

Having done that, I think we could perhaps begin to look at the spatial pattern of those sites, and get some good insights into why temperature is having such different effects on growth in different pHaving done that, I think we could perhaps begin to look at the spatial pattern of those sites, and get some good insights into why temperature is having such different effects on growth in different phaving such different effects on growth in different places.

It might have an ENSO / PDO style spatial pattern as shown by Trenberth.

We provide a list of issues that need to be addressed to make inferences more defensible, including the consideration of (i) data limitations and the comparability of data sets; (ii) alternative mechanisms for change; (iii) appropriate response variables; (iv) a suitable model for the process under study; (v) temporal autocorrelation; (vi) spatial autocorrelation and patterns; and (vii) the reporting of rates of change.

Europe presents a spatial pattern of change, with western continental areas showing last freeze dates getting earlier faster, some central areas having last freeze and first leaf dates progressing at about the same pace, while in portions of Northern and Eastern Europe first leaf dates are getting earlier faster than last freeze dates

But it seemed pretty obvious to me that LU forcing might well have been omitted, and both straightforward regression analysis and comparison of the spatial patterns pointed to its omission being a near certainty.

When I responded to the RealClimate article, here, I inter alia presented further evidence that LU forcing hadn't been included in the computed value of the total forcing applied in the Historical simulation: there was virtually no trace of LU forcing in the spatial pattern for Historical forcing.

The analysis of teleconnections has typically employed a linear perspective, which assumes a basic spatial pattern with varying amplitude and mirror image positive and negative polarities (Hurrell et al., 2003; Quadrelli and Wallace, 2004).

For those forcings that have been included in attribution analyses, uncertainties associated with the temporal and spatial pattern of the forcing and the modelled response can affect the results.

Assuming the spatial patterns of the warming shown by the GISS LOTI data are close to being correct, then the differences with the lower troposphere data appear to show that lower troposphere temperature data would be of questionable value for infilling the HADCRUT4 data.

Were this to be possible and actually occur, it would I think be apparent in the spatial pattern of boundary fluxes if not markedly so in the pattern of the heating.

«Once models can adequately predict past climates and their spatial patterns, then we have confidence that they work and so can be used to predict the future.»

A top - down climate effect that shows long - term drift (and may also be out of phase with the bottom - up solar forcing) would change the spatial response patterns and would mean that climate - chemistry models that have sufficient resolution in the stratosphere would become very important for making accurate regional / seasonal climate predictions.

It has been shown that the PDO SST spatial patterns and pressure pattern changes influence ENSO especially over the last 3 years, the influence of the Aleutian Low on the PDO metrics is also interesting.

By examining the spatial pattern of both types of climate variation, the scientists found that the anthropogenic global warming signal was relatively spatially uniform over the tropical oceans and thus would not have a large effect on the atmospheric circulation, whereas the PDO shift in the 1990s consisted of warming in the tropical west Pacific and cooling in the subtropical and east tropical Pacific, which would enhance the existing sea surface temperature difference and thus intensify the circulation.

Geoff Sharp says: «It has been shown that the PDO SST spatial patterns and pressure pattern changes influence ENSO especially over the last 3 years, the influence of the Aleutian Low on the PDO metrics is also interesting.»

The SOI has shown this in detail and clearly demonstrates what some of us understand, the typical neg PDO spatial patterns encourage La Nina conditions.

The M3 and PDO time series are well correlated but the EOFs have different spatial patterns.

If you looked at other periods in a computer run with similar warming trends would they all have the same spatial pattern as the one you investigated, is it possible that some might more closely resemble the spatial pattern of the observed data?

This study shows that the coupled climate models have mixed results in reproducing the spatial and temporal characteristics of major observed Pacific climate patterns of variability (e.g., the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Niño).

This doesn't affect your results, but I think you have your terminology switched around: The term «eof» refers to the loading (which is usually a spatial pattern in these analyses), and «pc» can mean either the time - series or the combination of time - series + eof.

There is new information that lack of sea ice causes storms to produce larger waves and more coastal erosion.5 An additional contributing factor is that coastal bluffs that were «cemented» by permafrost are beginning to thaw in response to warmer air and ocean waters, and are therefore more vulnerable to erosion.22 Standard defensive adaptation strategies to protect coastal communities from erosion such as use of rock walls, sandbags, and riprap have been largely unsuccessful.23 There remains considerable uncertainty, however, about the spatial patterns of future coastal erosion.

Applied to an average GCM from the AR4, the smallest spatial pattern that could be accurately resolved without help would be 470 km or larger.

Spatial trend patterns differ for the warm and cold extremes, with the warm extremes showing continuous positive trends across the globe and the cold extremes exhibiting a coherent cooling pattern across the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes that has emerged in the recent 15 years and is not reproduced by the models.

One aspect of Roy Spencer's work is that internal random oscillations of things like surface ocean temperature spatial patterns (affected by winds) which can affect clouds could have a forcing effect that could easily be mistaken for climate sensitivity to external forcing.

I have compared it to water vapor levels, OLR, precipitation, rotation of the Earth, SOI, Pacific subsurface temperatures, Trade Winds, cloud patterns, precipitation, atmospheric angular momentum, the AMO, tropical / global temperatures, and the spatial distribution of those temperature changes.