These findings suggest that daily emotional support only buffers the effects of daily parenting stress on
daily positive mood at low stress levels.
The previously described multilevel models were used to test our hypothesis that daily received instrumental and emotional support would predict more
daily positive mood and less daily negative mood, and that the number of support services received would predict lower levels of daily negative mood.
• Maladaptive: escape, blaming, withdrawal, and helplessness coping negatively related with
daily positive mood and positively related with daily negative mood.
For example, daily negative mood has been found to predict depressive symptoms (Cohen, Gunthert, Butler, O'Neill, & Tolpin, 2005), whereas
daily positive mood has been found to buffer the effects of daily stress on depression (Wichers et al., 2007) and to predict «human flourishing» (Fredrickson & Losada, 2005).
However, when higher levels of daily stress were accompanied by more unsupportive interactions,
daily positive mood increased.
Fewer daily unsupportive interactions were associated with higher levels of
daily positive mood.
Higher levels of disruptive child behaviors predicted more daily negative mood (β = 0.05, p <.01), but the association between disruptive behaviors and
daily positive mood was not significant.
Conversely, Kleiboer et al. (2006) did not find received instrumental support to predict
daily positive mood, nor did they find received emotional or instrumental support to predict negative mood.
Based on the existing literature, it was predicted that higher levels of emotional and instrumental social support and more support services would predict higher levels of
daily positive mood and less daily negative mood.
Similarly, no relationship was found between the number of services received and
daily positive mood.
• Adaptive: problem - focused, social support, positive reframing, emotional regulation, and compromise coping positively related with
daily positive mood.
Results Greater levels of
daily positive mood were associated with more emotional and instrumental support, and less parenting stress and unsupportive interactions.
Not exact matches
Daily exercise, meditation, daylight, and
positive emotions all can affect the brain's activity in ways that restore
mood and well - being.
That's why seeing
daily Instagram and Snapchat posts from body
positive activists like Ashley Graham can be an instant
mood - and confidence - booster — they show that health, beauty, and fitness come in all sizes.
In a controlled study of 60 patients with symptoms of depression, 1 gram of
daily curcumin supplementation led to
positive improvements in
mood.
They can lift your
mood and give you a more
positive outlook — particularly if you are stuck in the
daily grind of travel to work, work all day, travel home from work, make dinner for the family, put kids to bed and sit in front of the TV (or stay up doing school work).
As predicted, on average, more
daily instrumental support predicted higher levels of
positive mood (β = 0.74, p <.0001).
However, emotional support was found to moderate the
daily parenting stress —
positive mood relationship in the opposite direction to what was predicted (β = − 0.31, p <.01).
The findings concerning relations between received emotional support and
positive mood are similar to a
daily process study on couples living with MS (Kleiboer et al., 2006).
Consistent with our predictions, disruptive child behaviors moderated the
daily parenting stress — negative
mood relationship (β = 0.01, p <.001), but not the
daily parenting stress —
positive mood relationship.
In the current study, statistical analyses evaluated the main and moderating effects of variables measured repeatedly at the within - person level (stress, social support, and unsupportive interactions) and variables measured at the between - person level (disruptive child behaviors, and support services) on
daily positive and negative
mood.
Similarly, results regarding the moderating effects of unsupportive interactions on the
daily stress —
positive mood relationship were not fully supported by the data.
This is the first study to use a repeated measurement design to investigate the direct and moderating effects of contextual factors on
daily positive and negative
mood.
To advance our understanding of contextual processes such as received social support and unsupportive interactions, it appears beneficial to use a research design that repeatedly assesses
daily occurring events (e.g., stress, social support) and outcomes (i.e., negative and
positive mood) over time, coupled with a statistical approach that permits the evaluation of within - person relations.
Aggregating across participants and the 24 time points,
daily mood averaged 28.73 (SD = 9.98) for
positive affect and 17.47 (SD = 7.65) for negative affect, parenting stress averaged 3.08 (SD = 1.85), supportive interactions averaged 2.01 (SD = 1.09) for emotional support and 1.30 (SD = 1.22) for instrumental support, and unsupportive interactions averaged.23 (SD =.54).
Furthermore, it is possible that received social support influences momentary or
daily affective states, such as negative and
positive mood, and the accumulation of these
daily states predicts psychological distress and well - being (Rook, 2001).
Daily parenting stress significantly predicted lower levels of
positive mood (β = − 0.78, p <.0001) and higher levels of negative
mood (β = 1.52, p <.0001).
Objective To examine the extent to which social support, unsupportive interactions, support services, and disruptive child behaviors predict
daily positive and negative
mood in parents of children with autism.
Conversely, unsupportive interactions and disruptive child behaviors were hypothesized to predict lower levels of
daily positive and greater
daily negative
mood.