Some microplastics exhibit properties that might have direct
damaging effects on ecosystems.
Not exact matches
«It's very encouraging because it suggests that we may be able to make smart management decisions to mitigate the
damaging effects of extreme weather events
on urban
ecosystems.»
[ANDY REVKIN says: I was at the first Conference
on the Changing Atmosphere in Toronto in 1988, but mainly recall the worried look
on the representative from the Maldives, and the statement by Michael McElroy of Harvard, quoted in my 1988 Discover Magazine article
on the greenhouse
effect: «If we choose to take
on this challenge, it appears that we can slow the rate of change substantially, giving us time to develop mechanisms so that the cost to society and the
damage to
ecosystems can be minimized.
SCC is effectively an estimate of the direct
effects of carbon emissions
on the economy, and takes into consideration such factors as net agricultural productivity loss, human health
effects, property
damages from sea level rise, and changes in
ecosystem services.
We won't be able to run, we won't be able to hide from that problem because it's having a very profound
effect on ocean
ecosystems everywhere and will have very long lasting and
damaging consequences unless we get that under control.
To explain this, think about the central IPCC projection of a 3.5 degrees increase in global mean temperature, which would imply significant but moderate economic
damage (maybe a long - run loss of 5 - 10 per cent of GDP, depending
on how you value
ecosystem effects).
Therefore mitigating global warming will address both the synergistic harm that it wreaks in concert with the non-climate
damage to the environment, and it will address the direct
effect that it will have
on species and
ecosystem - an
effect that, if warming is not properly addressed for a few more decades, will make all other human impacts pale by comparison.
Costs are defined in a variety of ways and under a variety of assumptions that affect their value ► Cost types include: ► administrative costs of planning, management, monitoring, audits, accounting, reporting, clerical activities, etc. associated with a project or program; ►
damage costs to
ecosystems, economies and people due to negative
effects from climate change; ► implementation costs of changing existing rules and regulation, capacity building efforts, information, training and education, etc. to put a policy into place; ► private costs are carried by individuals, companies or other private entities that undertake the action, where ► social costs include additionally the external costs
on the environment and
on society as a whole.
Reporting
on the impact of this trademark infringement in The Trademark
Ecosystem: Insights from Intellectual Property Professionals around the World, customer confusion was identified as the biggest
effect (44 %), followed by loss of revenue (40 %), reduced customer loyalty (34 %) and
damage to reputation (33 %).