Superimposed on the spectrum were
dark absorption lines, caused by gases in a cloud somewhere between the burst and Earth — about 7 billion light - years from Earth, according to astronomers at Caltech.
A spectral
line is a
dark or bright
line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from emission or
absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies.
The solar spectrum of the sun consists of a roughly black body like thermal continuum spectrum, peaking at around 0.5 microns wavelength (plotted on wavelength scale; not wave number), and overlaid with the Fraunhoffer
lines of either bright atomic spectral
lines, due to elements in the sun, or
dark atomic
absorption lines, due to
absorption of elements in the solar outer atmosphere.