After a dramatic, one - in - a-million-years close encounter between Mars and comet Siding Spring on Sunday, all five functioning US Mars probes survived, and are returning valuable
data on the comet.
NASA confirms that the Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), and the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) orbiter, along with the rovers Curiosity and Opportunity came through without a scratch and are returning valuable
data on the comet.
Incoming
data on the comet's mass, density and surface will help ESA narrow the choice to as many as five possible zones, each 600 metres across.
But disintegration would in some ways be even more revealing because it would provide
data on the comet's internal construction — and, by extension, on the way it formed in the first place.
Not exact matches
Based
on the Hubble
data, the research team suggests that sunlight heated the surface of the
comet, causing it to expel jets of dust and gas.
«Astronomers capture best view ever of disintegrating
comet: Using Hubble telescope, team gathers
data on size, speed and path of debris.»
Drawing
on his
data from the Hubble observations, Li estimates that the nucleus — the solid body of the
comet itself — is no more than about 2.5 miles (4 kilometers) across, smaller than what many astronomers initially expected for such an energetic
comet.
Based
on data through April 7, 2013, the latest orbital plot places the
comet's closest approach to Mars slightly closer than previous estimates, at about 68,000 miles (110,000 kilometers).
New analyses of lander
data reveal the
comet as uniform
on the inside, but full of variety
on the outside.
In May, Drake Deming of NASA was collecting
data he hoped might reveal a super-Earth in the habitable zone of a red dwarf (a small and relatively cool star) called Gliese 436; NASA had allowed him to use a spacecraft called Epoxi, which is
on its way to a rendezvous with a
comet, to observe several stars that are already known to have planets.
This proximity will provide an unprecedented opportunity for researchers to gather
data on both the
comet and its effect
on the Martian atmosphere.
However, the legacy of the
comet will go
on for years as scientists analyze the tremendous
data set collected during ISON's journey.
Using
data captured by ALMA in Chile and from the ROSINA instrument
on ESA's Rosetta mission, a team of astronomers has found faint traces of the chemical compound [Freon - 40]--(CH3Cl), also known as methyl chloride and chloromethane, around both the infant star system IRAS 16293 - 2422, about 400 light - years away, and the famous
comet 67P / Churyumov - Gerasimenko (67P / C - G) in our own Solar System.
Radar
data helped locate an approximate position for its final resting spot — somewhere just within the rim of the large crater
on the head of the duck - shaped
comet, what was once known as landing site «B.» Holger Sierks, principal investigator for the orbiter's camera, was waiting for images to be downloaded to Earth tonight that he thought would contain the lander.
22 - 24 August European Space Agency will use
data from Rosetta to choose up to five possible landing sites
on the
comet
Sanchez - Cano has investigated the interaction of the
comet with energetic particles from the Sun, and the effects of the CME and cometary encounter
on the martian atmosphere, using
data from ESA's Mars Express mission, NASA's MAVEN and Mars Odyssey orbiters, and the Curiosity rover
on the martian surface.
A radar instrument, working in concert with a receiver
on Philae, got
data about the interior of the
comet that could help unravel a major question: Does 67P have its duck head and body because two separate cometesimals came together?
«It all begins with an observer making observations,» Gareth Williams of the Minor Planet Center, which collects
data on asteroids and
comets and calculates their orbits, told Space.com.
MAVEN's instruments sent back
data on the gases and dust released by Siding Spring, while others are currently assessing the impact of the
comet's tail
on the Martian atmosphere.
With this
data, artist, writer and curator Michael Benson hopes to create an image of Pluto's landscape to complement his portfolio of photographic portraits
on the planets, moons, asteroids and
comets in our solar system.
Based
on the
data in your table and graph, which type of
comet melts the fastest?
Make a graph of your
data with the type of
comet (large or small)
on the horizontal axis and the average % melted
on the vertical axis.
A fact sheet
on many
comets is also available from NASA's National Space Science
Data Center.