There was strong evidence of a relationship between sociodemographic variables and missing
data on depressive symptoms (S2 Table).
Not exact matches
The prenatal interviewer gathered
data on socioeconomic measures,
depressive symptoms (16), and infant feeding attitudes and intentions.
In such case, there is a high risk of reverse causality whereby participants»
depressive mood may affect their perceptions of the environmental exposures of interest (eg, neighbourhood safety from crime).21 Environmental
data collected using more objective measures of the neighbourhood environment, including geographic information systems (GIS) 22 and environmental audits conducted by independent auditors, 23 are likely to provide more robust estimates of the potential causal effects of neighbourhood environmental attributes
on residents»
depressive symptoms.
However, because the duration of the current maternal
depressive episode at baseline was correlated with the number of children's internalizing and externalizing
symptoms at baseline (Cynthia Ewell - Foster, PhD, et al, unpublished
data, December 2005), and the extent of children's improvement following maternal remission depended
on the magnitude of improvement in their mothers, reverse causation is not likely to fully account for the association between maternal remission and child improvement.
No
data were available
on timing of past
depressive episodes in either parent or
on antenatal
depressive symptoms in mothers.
This pattern of results is consistent with the observation that mood stabilizers are more effective in controlling manic than
depressive symptoms.79 - 81 However, we can not conclude that medical adherence was causally related to lower manic
symptoms in the FFT group, because
data on adherence and mood
symptoms were collected during retrospective intervals.
Such analyses are an important part of psychiatric epidemiology, which in contrast with general epidemiology, deals with changing content of diagnoses and continuing refinement of taxonomic constructs.23 One important finding from these studies
on TRAILS
data was that only few adolescents had exclusively DSM - IV anxiety or exclusively DSM - IV
depressive symptoms (DSM - IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders, 4th edition).
Data sources and eligibility criteria The PubMed and PsycINFO, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify observational studies that contained information
on the prevalence of depression and
depressive symptoms in outpatients.
Again, the
data did not support an interactive influence of resource change and
depressive symptoms on the satisfaction measures.
First, the use of a semi-structured interview to assess PEs and the advantage of detailed repeated measures
data on both PEs and
depressive symptoms.
Relations between family context factors, maternal
depressive symptoms, and
depressive symptoms in childhood and adolescence were examined, with a focus
on early family relationship factors rarely available for analysis in longitudinal
data sets.
We used prospective
data from a large UK based population cohort (ALSPAC) to investigate the association between parental alcohol use, measured in units, (assessed at ages 4 and 12 years) with childhood conduct trajectories, (assessed
on six occasions from 4 to 13.5 years, n = 6,927), and adolescent
depressive symptoms (assessed
on four occasions from ~ 13 to ~ 18 years, n = 5,539).
Using
data from a 1985 - 1986 community sample of adults in southwestern Ontario, we examine the impact of empathy
on depressive symptoms and the potential moderating effects of mastery, self - esteem, social support, and education.