Sentences with phrase «decades to centuries based»

Not exact matches

If you read the original story this article is based on it says, «The archaeologists, Erez Ben - Yosef and Lidar Sapir - Hen, used radiocarbon dating to pinpoint the earliest known domesticated camels in Israel to the last third of the 10th century B.C. — centuries after the patriarchs lived and decades after the kingdom of David, according to the Bible.

(a) Philosophical preoccupation with the various types of cultural activities on an idealistic basis (Johann Gottfried Herder, G. W. F. Hegel, Johann Gustav Droysen, Hermann Steinthal, Wilhelm Wundt); (b) legal studies (Aemilius Ludwig, Richter, Rudolf Sohm, Otto Gierke); (c) philology and archeology, both stimulated by the romantic movement of the first decades of the nineteenth century; (d) economic theory and history (Karl Marx, Lorenz von Stein, Heinrich von Treitschke, Wilhelm Roscher, Adolf Wagner, Gustav Schmoller, Ferdinand Tonnies); (e) ethnological research (Friedrich Ratzel, Adolf Bastian, Rudolf Steinmetz, Johann Jakob Bachofen, Hermann Steinthal, Richard Thurnwald, Alfred Vierkandt, P. Wilhelm Schmidt), on the one hand; and historical and systematical work in theology (church history, canonical law — Kirchenrecht), systematic theology (Schleiermacher, Richard Rothe), and philosophy of religion, on the other, prepared the way during the nineteenth century for the following era to define the task of a sociology of religion and to organize the material gathered by these pursuits.7 The names of Max Weber, Ernst Troeltsch, Werner Sombart, and Georg Simmel — all students of the above - mentioned older scholars — stand out.

In the hands of St. Thomas Aquinas, Aristotle had been pressed into the service of Catholicism with great success in the thirteenth century, but the inadequacy of this static world picture, based on a pre-scientific understanding of the cosmos, to cope with new advances in the sciences over the last hundred years was, Holloway maintained, the principal cause of the chaos and rebellion in the decades following the Council.

«We know these problems are based in not just decades, but centuries of racism, but we have to take responsibility,» the mayor said.

Based on the current number of self - driving cars, that task could take decades or centuries to complete.

This is due to the fact that it has the strongest potential to warm the globe in the long - run based on its long lifetime in the atmosphere (ranging from decades to centuries, and a tail end that extends to millennia, and with many climate impacts occurring over these slow timescales).

From an instantaneous doubling of atmospheric CO2 content from the pre-industrial base level, some models would project 2 °C (3.6 °F) of global warming in less than a decade while others would project that it would take more than a century to achieve that much warming.

The concatenation of modern and instrumental records [52] is based on an estimate that global temperature in the first decade of the 21st century (+0.8 °C relative to 1880 — 1920) exceeded the Holocene mean by 0.25 ± 0.25 °C.

It's been over a decade since James Wilson's book, Adrenal Fatigue: The 21st Century Stress Syndrome, came out.Adrenal Fatigue: The 21st Century Stress Syndrome That book seem to form the current basis of knowledge for doctors who address adrenal issues (holistic, functional, and alternative practioners).

The first decade of the 21st century has also had a dominant strategy: incentive - based reforms, such as increasing competition among charter and district schools, merit - pay plans to improve teacher quality, and school - level accountability based on testing.

Because «STE (A) M job creation will grow 17 % over the next decade as opposed to just 9.8 % for non-STE (A) M positions,» a STEAM - based curriculum will help develop creative capacity among learners to advance the 21st century economy.

Though nominally just a commission report, A Nation at Risk (1983) told Americans that we faced a crisis of educational achievement and began to nudge the country through a 90 - degree change of course from the «equity» agenda of the previous quarter - century to the «excellence» obsession of recent decades, complete with academic standards, tests, and results - based accountability systems.

Based on decades of scientific research, Achieve3000's solutions — Smarty Ants ® (for grades PreK - 2), KidBiz3000 ® (for grades 2 - 5), TeenBiz3000 ® (for grades 6 - 8), Empower3000 ™ (for grades 9 - 12), Spark3000 ® (for adult learners), and eScience3000 ® (for grades 6 - 8)-- support core curriculum, Response to Intervention, English language learner, and special education instructional models as well as 21st - century education initiatives.

The results of this study showed that at the midpoint of the first decade of the 21st century, access to technology hardware was a major determinant of whether or not social studies teachers utilized Internet - based primary sources.

They are also subject to parentage errors and COIs based on a few recent generations are of limited value in a breed that started with few founders subjected to numerous artificial bottlenecks that occurred decades and even centuries earlier.

Development on New Holland Island — which is in the process of being turned into a tourist destination, with hip restaurants and hotels, after decades of housing dilapidated 18th century military bases — is backed by Millhouse Capital, which was founded by Roman Abramovich, husband to Garage founder Dasha Zhukova.

It is for this reason that on the basis of this retrospective alone one could almost write a comprehensive chronicle of the esthetic relationships that have tethered the fate of American modernist painting in the last half of the 20th century to the precedents and standards of modernist painting in Paris in the early decades of the century.

The Seven Deadly Sins from Dürer to Nauman, Kustmuseum Bern and the Zentrum Paul Klee, Bern, Switzerland 2010 GSK Contemporary — Aware: Art Fashion Identity, Royal Academy, London, England 2010 Raw, 242nd Summer Exhibition, Royal Academy, London, England 2010 Lust and Vice: The 7 Deadly Sins from Dürer to Nauman, Art Museum of Bern, Switzerland 2010 Aware: Art Fashion Identity, Royal Academy of Arts, London, England 2010 21st Century: Art in the First Decade, Queensland Art Gallery, Brisbane, Australia 2010 The House of Fairy Tales, Harris Museum and Art Gallery, Preston, England 2010 Huckleberry Finn, CCA Wattis, San Francisco, California, USA 2010 Spanish Muse: A Contemporary Response, Meadows Museum, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA 2010 Eye of the Pacific Rim, Gyeonggi Museum of Modern Art, Ansan City, Korea 2010 Foundation of Art: Sculpture and its Base since Rodin, ARP Museum, Bonn, Germany 2010 Summer Exhibition, Royal Academy, London, England 2010 Who Knows Tomorrow, Friedrichswerder Church, Berlin, Germany 2010 Until Now: Collecting the Contemporary (1960 - 2010), Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Minneapolis, USA 2010 Size DOES Matter, The FLAG Art Foundation, New York, USA 2010 Contemplating the Void, Guggenheim Museum, New York, USA 2010 Pattern I.D., Akron Art Museum, Akron, Ohio, USA 2010 Nothing is Forever, South London Gallery, London, England 2010 Performance / Art, Dallas Center for the Performing Arts, Dallas, USA 2010 DaDaFest International, Liverpool, England

186: Why did it not occur to you, as it did to me, that, since the IPCC's projections of future exponential CO2 growth and logarithmic temperature response necessarily produce a straight line, the IPCC's detuning of its own projections to reduce the projected temperature change to just 0.2 C ° / decade over the first couple of decades of this century has no basis in scientific reality or method?

The two maps below, produced for the study by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory at Princeton, are based on a climate model comparing the production of strong hurricanes in conditions mimicking the current climate (basically, average climate conditions from 1980 to 2006) with hurricane production in conditions simulating those projected for the final two decades of the century.

It is time to transform agriculture into a sustainable enterprise, one based on systems that can be employed for centuries — not decades — without undermining the resources on ecosystems upon which agricultural productivity depends.

The challenge before us is to transform our 20th century carbon based energy model into a low or no carbon system within a matter of a few decades.

If there was such evidence then I would see a scientific basis for the conclusion something has really changed in the global atmospheric temperature record during the new century compared to the decades before.

''... worked with two sediment cores they extracted from the seabed of the eastern Norwegian Sea, developing a 1000 - year proxy temperature record «based on measurements of δ18O in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, a planktonic foraminifer that calcifies at relatively shallow depths within the Atlantic waters of the eastern Norwegian Sea during late summer,» which they compared with the temporal histories of various proxies of concomitant solar activity... This work revealed, as the seven scientists describe it, that «the lowest isotope values (highest temperatures) of the last millennium are seen ~ 1100 - 1300 A.D., during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, and again after ~ 1950 A.D.» In between these two warm intervals, of course, were the colder temperatures of the Little Ice Age, when oscillatory thermal minima occurred at the times of the Dalton, Maunder, Sporer and Wolf solar minima, such that the δ18O proxy record of near - surface water temperature was found to be «robustly and near - synchronously correlated with various proxies of solar variability spanning the last millennium,» with decade - to century - scale temperature variability of 1 to 2 °C magnitude.»

These show that the US has actually been cooling since the Thirties, the hottest decade on record; whereas the latest graph, nearly half of it based on «fabricated» data, shows it to have been warming at a rate equivalent to more than 3 degrees centigrade per century.

Show me the empirical data, based on real - time physical observations or reproducible experimentation (NOT climate model runs), which support the premise that GH warming requires decades or even centuries to reach «equilibrium».

The concatenation of modern and instrumental records [52] is based on an estimate that global temperature in the first decade of the 21st century (+0.8 °C relative to 1880 — 1920) exceeded the Holocene mean by 0.25 ± 0.25 °C.

This is achieved through the study of three independent records, the net heat flux into the oceans over 5 decades, the sea - level change rate based on tide gauge records over the 20th century, and the sea - surface temperature variations... We find that the total radiative forcing associated with solar cycles variations is about 5 to 7 times larger than just those associated with the TSI variations, thus implying the necessary existence of an amplification mechanism, although without pointing to which one.

With that extremely poor record of success, one must seriously wonder how it is that any person or government would believe what the climate models of today project about Earth's climate of tomorrow, i.e., a few decades to a century or more from now, and then seek to formulate policy based on that output.

Previous research (Gillett et al, 2012)[v] has shown that scaling factors based on a 1901 start date are more sensitive to end date than those starting in the middle of the 19th century, with temperatures in the first two decades of the 20th century having been anomalously low, so the 1861 — 2010 estimates are probably more reliable than the 1901 — 2010 ones.

I mean if a gov» t can't manage an economy or foreign policy why would we have any faith in their ability to determine an accurate cost basis for AGW events that occur decades or centuries into the future?

Most attention in the debate over climate change has been based on the assumption of a gradual increase in mean global temperatures, equilibrating to a new higher level some decades after concentrations of greenhouse gases have stabilized, with effects that will then play out for centuries.

While cautioning against jumping to dire conclusions based on the sighting of open polar water, Dr. Serreze of the ice data center is the principal author of a review article, published this summer in the Dutch journal Climate Change, on Arctic environmental change over decades and centuries.

We obtain an absolute temperature scale using the Jones et al. [69] estimate of 14 °C as the global mean surface temperature for 1961 — 1990, which corresponds to approximately 13.9 °C for the 1951 — 1980 base period that we normally use [70] and approximately 14.4 °C for the first decade of the twenty - first century.

Utilising the EU's Sentinel satellite network, thousands of land and marine based sensors, millions of readings every hour and a century long archive of data, it will generate the most up to date view of the global environment and predict future changes on timescales of just a few days to decades in advance.

«Until we have a better understanding and predictive capability of natural climate variability, we don't have a strong basis for predicting climate change in the decades or century to come.»

Vincentrj # 28 you are unclear re the division of your opinions / inferences between the 3 basic sub-topics (1) heat is entering the oceans due to radiative imbalance due to humans burning carbon fuels (2) the heat rate coupled with its estimated duration (based on its cause) will make it within a few decades become unprecedented during the last several thousand years and same for the surface temperature rise that will be required to stop it (3) the effects on flora & fauna will be highly negative even within this century and more so for centuries and millenia thereafter, in particular the human species which has softened much and expects much more since the days when a mammoth tusk through the groin was met with «well Og's had it, press on».

The Service will provide comprehensive climate information covering a wide range of components of the Earth - system (atmosphere, land, ocean, sea - ice and carbon) and timescales spanning decades to centuries (i.e. based on the instrumental record).

If a customer wanted to know the mean temperature at their location from 2030 - 2040 for some planning (or it could be sea level), would you base it on the mean of the 20th century, the mean of the last decade, or a projected forwards warming at the rate of the last few decades?

Similarly, I calculated the linear trend observed at the end of each decade based on Mauna Loa data (subtracting data points 10 years apart, multiplying by 10 to arrive at the century rate of change): 1960 - 1970 = 85 ppmv / century 1970 - 1080 = 128 ppmv / century 1980 - 1990 = 157 ppmv / century 1990 - 2000 = 153 ppmv / century 2000 - 2010 = 193 ppmv / century

Until we have uniform hardware (with software) that operate as seamlessly as a book, and provides the durability and readability over centuries, rather than half decades, we really need to defy the bean counters and be as brave as the Melbourne City Council has been, and continue to invest in libraries, and envisage an ongoing bright, and certainly broader based, future for them.

Based on the current number of self - driving cars, that task could take decades or centuries to complete.