Sentences with phrase «decades to millennia with»

Some of these control variables have a regularity within broad limits and the planet responds over decades to millennia with a broad regularity in changes of ice, cloud, Atlantic thermohaline circulation and ocean and atmospheric circulation.

Not exact matches

Growth continued and in the first decade of the new millennium, the Yard became home to 275 businesses with 6,000 employees.

This is due to the fact that it has the strongest potential to warm the globe in the long - run based on its long lifetime in the atmosphere (ranging from decades to centuries, and a tail end that extends to millennia, and with many climate impacts occurring over these slow timescales).

1) the atmosphere (which can also be subdivided into northern and southern hemispheres, and even into Hadley Cells) all with fairly short time constants 2) the upper ocean — time constant on the order of years to decades 2a) the biosphere — time scale from 1 year to decades and even centuries and millennia for some processes 3) abyssal ocean (timescale of many decades to ~ a century or more) 5) the geosphere — timescale of millennia to eons.

The end of the first decade of the new millennium was characterized by strong development around the world, with many nations clamoring for resources and non-cyclical consumer goods, which why the contribution to ROE by sector was led by Consumer Non-Cyclicals, Basic Materials, and Energy.

But to understand game narrative, we must also understand narrative — and this requires us to pay attention to those media that have been experimenting with fictional worlds for millennia rather than just a few decades.

During the first decade of the new millennium the war on terror provided Rosenfeld with the inspiration to create a series of war, soldier, and terrorist themed paintings.

Rather, excess CO2 returns toward baseline at a multitude a different rates, with chemical equilibration in the ocean occurring over decades (depending on depth), ocean carbonate buffering through sediment dissolution requiring centuries to millennia, and eventual restoration of carbonate sediment levels by terrestrial weathering occurring over hundreds of thousands of years — a long «tail» that can account for as much as 20 to 40 percent of CO2 excess in the estimates described by David Archer et al in CO2 Atmospheric Lifetimes.

Finally, is it legitimate to compare conditions during the Pliocene, which took hundreds of millennia to evolve, with present conditions which have taken just a few decades to evolve thanks to human intervention.

The heat has brought on a «Great Thaw,» with landscape and ecological changes that used to take millennia now happening over decades.

''... worked with two sediment cores they extracted from the seabed of the eastern Norwegian Sea, developing a 1000 - year proxy temperature record «based on measurements of δ18O in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, a planktonic foraminifer that calcifies at relatively shallow depths within the Atlantic waters of the eastern Norwegian Sea during late summer,» which they compared with the temporal histories of various proxies of concomitant solar activity... This work revealed, as the seven scientists describe it, that «the lowest isotope values (highest temperatures) of the last millennium are seen ~ 1100 - 1300 A.D., during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, and again after ~ 1950 A.D.» In between these two warm intervals, of course, were the colder temperatures of the Little Ice Age, when oscillatory thermal minima occurred at the times of the Dalton, Maunder, Sporer and Wolf solar minima, such that the δ18O proxy record of near - surface water temperature was found to be «robustly and near - synchronously correlated with various proxies of solar variability spanning the last millennium,» with decade - to century - scale temperature variability of 1 to 2 °C magnitude.»

I hypothesized here «that upwelling in the Pacific Ocean is modulated by solar activity over periods of decades to millennia — with profound impacts on communities and ecosystems globally.

Were the hypothesis that warming will increase at least 1C / decade averaged over a millennium at 95 % confidence, nineteen times in twenty, given the noise in the signal, all other things being equal, we'd first need 17 years at least to get some kinda sketchy data, and then could begin calculating from the set of subsequent running or independent 17 year spans (a different calculation for each, depending on the PDF) the probability that a -20 C decade would be consistent with a +1 C / decade hypothesis.

In the first decade of the new millennium, extreme rainfall events combined with changes in land use have resulted in an increase in floods and an increase in annual average flood losses from $ 6 billion to $ 10 billion despite the billions of dollars invested in flood control.

For their study, Hansen and his colleagues combined ancient paleo - climate data with new satellite readings and an improved model of the climate system to demonstrate that ice sheets can melt at a «non-linear» rate: rather than an incremental melting as Earth's poles inexorably warm, ice sheets might melt at exponential rates, shedding dangerous amounts of mass in a matter of decades, not millennia.

And of course there was the mother of all scandals, the «hockey stick» itself: a graph that purported to show the warming of the last three decades of the twentieth century as unprecedented in a millennium, a graph that the IPCC was so thrilled with that it published it six times in its third assessment report and displayed it behind the IPCC chairman at his press conference.

This is a current limitation of the models when confronted with, as yet unexplained, real world climate variations occurring over periods of decades to millennia.

Based on the findings from wide - ranging studies of community variation (eg, why Aboriginal teen suicide and Aboriginal employment levels vary hugely from band to band; why seniors die during heat waves in some neighbourhoods and not others; why some watershed communities maintain sustainable agriculture over a millennium while others do not; why the United States biogenetic technology industry is now concentrated in only three places, compared with thirty areas a few decades ago) there is now a strong evidentiary base revealing common underlying characteristics of groups, at the nongovernmental level, that successfully address these challenges.