- The 13C / 12C ratio: Indeed there are two main sources of low 13C: fossil fuels and
the decay of vegetation.
Yahweh is not some sort of Baal, a blind and brutal natural force... His destiny, like that of His people, is not identical with the cycle of the seasons, the regular succession of the day and the night, the growth and
decay of the vegetation; Yahweh is the Lord of history, whose word alone creates and preserves Israel in life.»
Not exact matches
It is a result
of fruit trees, seaweed,
vegetation and
decaying and pressurizing to form complex substances rich in essential minerals, amino acids, electrolytes and other beneficial compounds.
According to the researcher's estimates, the majority
of these emissions come from the respiration
of the roots and the fall and
decay of the semi-aquatic
vegetation in the flood plains.
The fecal - brown water and smell
of stagnant,
decaying vegetation would be enough to turn away even the most intrepid adventurer.
The apparent lushness existed only because the
vegetation was so good at sucking up every speck
of nutrient released from
decaying leaves.
The precursors
of acid rain formation result from both natural sources, such as volcanoes and
decaying vegetation, and human - made sources, primarily emissions
of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide resulting from fossil fuel combustion.
As the researchers reported online last month in Environmental Science & Technology, this kind
of bacteria thrives in the waterlogged sediments, rich with
decaying vegetation, that pile up behind beaver dams.
Decaying vegetation increases the levels
of ammonia and carbon dioxide; nobody wants that!
Taking cues from the fruit and flower portraits
of Italian Renaissance painter Giuseppe Arcimboldo and vanitas paintings depicting
decaying plants and
vegetation, Jiang's forms portray plants realistically.
It is well known that the majority
of carbon stored in
vegetation mostly returns to the atmosphere through the processes
of decay, fire, and / or slow oxidation.
There is such an equilibrium exchange
of CO2 between atmosphere and the surface layer
of the oceans, and there is the natural equilibrium that most
of vegetation first grows and then
decays and returns CO2 to the atmosphere.
The resolution
of the sponges is 2 - 4 years and the accuracy
of the measurements is good enough to detect an addition
of 4 GtC from the oceans or 1 GtC from
vegetation decay.
You write:» There are only two sources
of low d13C on earth: fossil fuels and
vegetation decay» - I then get the impression that you have not considered the influence
of the explosion
of grass uses in agriculture after 1750?
If all came from
vegetation decay (very unlikely, except from war, but that means about 1 / 5th
of all land
vegetation!)
There are two main fast sources
of CO2, besides human emissions: the oceans (which have a zero to positive d13C level 0 - 4 per mil) and
vegetation decay (which has app.
For the d13C levels
of several parts
of the carbon cycle see: http://homepage.mac.com/uriarte/carbon13.html There are only two sources
of low d13C on earth: fossil fuels and
vegetation decay, but as the biosphere is an overall carbon sink, thus specifically a 12C sink, it can't be a 13C sink.
The Arctic sea floor contains a rich,
decayed layer
of vegetation from earlier eras when the continental shelf was not underwater.
That implies a lot
of vegetation regrowth in spring (mainly the mid-latitudes NH spring) and a lot
of vegetation decay in fall.
As there is no differentiation in type for the inflows and outflows, also 22 %
of the red CO2 is exchanged by natural, colourless CO2, from the deep oceans (we forget for a moment that some
of it returns in another season from the ocean surface layer and
vegetation decay).
What keeps soils alive, and productive, is the compost or humus
of leaf litter, animal dung, withered roots and other
decaying vegetation in the first metre or so
of topsoil: this in turn feeds an invisible army
of tiny creatures that recycle the nutrient elements for the next generation
of plant life.
Surprisingly, researchers from the Universities
of Exeter, Sussex, and Sheffield found that most
of the methane that is released comes from
decay of the new
vegetation from the recently thawed top layers.
The
decay of land surface process will have strong effects on high - latitude
vegetation.
The only plausible explanation
of the annual wiggle and its variation with latitude is that it is due to the seasonal growth and
decay of annual
vegetation, especially deciduous forests, in temperate latitudes north and south.
Indonesian forests are home to roughly 60 percent
of the world's tropical peatlands, where
decayed vegetation or organic matter has accumulated in the soil layers and created peat deposits that can be up to 10 meters deep.
Or, Man interfering with
vegetation would have very little efect because grass would grow and
decay to GHG irrespective
of Man.
The world's forests are enormous stores
of carbon dioxide, and when they are cleared, the
vegetation that is burned or allowed to
decay oxidizes into carbon dioxide, the major greenhouse gas.
Is
decay of past
vegetation more productive than industrial combustion
of fossil fuels?
While all types
of plants absorb carbon dioxide, known as CO2, most
of them return it to the atmosphere quickly because their
vegetation decays, burns or is eaten.
Vegetation goes the opposite way: large CO2 uptake in summer (including ocean algues) and continuous release of CO2 during the year from vegetation decay (without uptake in winter from leafle
Vegetation goes the opposite way: large CO2 uptake in summer (including ocean algues) and continuous release
of CO2 during the year from
vegetation decay (without uptake in winter from leafle
vegetation decay (without uptake in winter from leafless trees).