Not exact matches
So if we look at a range of market valuation measures, whether it's Shiller CAPE, whether its
price - to - book, whether it's
price - to - trailing earnings,
price - to - peak earnings, when we look at these measures, they look like they're in the, what we would call, the 10th
decile, meaning generally, valuations are cheaper 90 % of the time.
To show what's going on, we broke the S&P 500 components into
price / revenue
deciles, presented in the chart below (thanks to our resident mathematician Russell Jackson for pulling the data together).
You'll notice that the overvaluation at the 2000 peak was really dominated by extreme valuation in the top
decile of
price / revenue ratios.
For each
decile, we've subtracted the 1986 - 2016 average
price / revenue ratio for that
decile, dividing the result by the standard deviation of valuations in that
decile (again from 1986 - 2016).
For example, grocers almost always stay in the very low
price / revenue
deciles because they operate in a low - margin business, yet fluctuations in their
price / revenue ratios over time are still very informative about subsequent returns.
Figure 2.7 shows the performance of each
decile ranked according to the Magic Formula and Quality and
Price for the period 1964 to 2011.
«By the end of July 1932 - the month the Dow Jones Industrials bottomed out - 80 % of all NYSE stocks in the bottom
decile had bid
prices less than or equal to $ 1 per share, while the bid - ask spread for these
prices averaged 135 % of the bid
price (e.g., bid 1/2, ask 1-1/8).
The chart below provides some insight into S&P 500 valuations, breaking
price / revenue ratios into ten
deciles from highest to lowest multiples.
As I discussed in The Small Cap Paradox: A problem with LSV's Contrarian Investment, Extrapolation, and Risk in prac..., the low
price - to - book
decile is very small.
The problem with the approach is that the lowest
price - to - book value
deciles — that is, the cheapest and therefore best performed
deciles — are uninvestable.
They are perhaps best known for the Contrarian Investment, Extrapolation, and Risk paper, which, among other things, analyzed low
price - to - book value stocks in
deciles (an approach possibly suggested by Roger Ibbotson's study
Decile Portfolios of the New York Stock Exchange, 1967 — 1984).
They found that low
price - to - book value stocks out perform, and in rank order (the cheapest
decile outperforms the next cheapest
decile and so on).
As we discussed yesterday in Testing the performance of
price - to - book value, various studies, including Roger Ibbotson's
Decile Portfolios of the New York Stock Exchange, 1967 — 1984 (1986), Werner F.M. DeBondt and Richard H. Thaler's Further Evidence on Investor Overreaction and Stock Market Seasonality (1987), Josef Lakonishok, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert Vishny Contrarian Investment, Extrapolation and Risk (1994) and The Brandes Institute's Value vs Glamour: A Global Phenomenon (2008) all conclude that lower
price - to - book value stocks tend to outperform higher
price - to - book value stocks, and at lower risk.
One wrinkle in that theory is that the low
price - to - book value studies only examine the cheapest quintile and
decile, where I have taken the cheapest 30 stocks on the Google Finance screener, which is the cheapest
decile of the cheapest
decile.
When the market is getting very toppy, you can still find the cheapest
decile, quintile, quartile, or whatever on a
price - to - book basis to buy.
As the various studies we have discussed recently demonstrate — Roger Ibbotson's
Decile Portfolios of the New York Stock Exchange, 1967 — 1984 (1986), Werner F.M. DeBondt and Richard H. Thaler's Further Evidence on Investor Overreaction and Stock Market Seasonality (1987), Josef Lakonishok, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert Vishny Contrarian Investment, Extrapolation and Risk (1994) and The Brandes Institute's Value vs Glamour: A Global Phenomenon (2008)-- low
price - to - book value stocks outperform higher
priced stocks and the market in general.
In this instance, Professor Oppenheimer's study speaks to the return on the Near Graham Net Net Portfolio, as Roger Ibbotson's
Decile Portfolios of the New York Stock Exchange, 1967 — 1984 (1986), Werner F.M. DeBondt and Richard H. Thaler's Further Evidence on Investor Overreaction and Stock Market Seasonality (1987), Josef Lakonishok, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert Vishny's Contrarian Investment, Extrapolation and Risk (1994) as updated by The Brandes Institute's Value vs Glamour: A Global Phenomenon (2008) speak to the return on the Ultra-low
Price - to - book Portfolio.
If I had to be anywhere in equities, however, I'd start in the cheapest
decile of the market on a
price - to - book basis and work my way through to those with the highest proportion of current assets.
First, all stocks traded on the NYSE and AMEX as of April 30, 1968 were sorted into
deciles based on their
price - to - book ratios on that date.
As I discussed in The Small Cap Paradox: A problem with LSV's Contrarian Investment, Extrapolation, and Risk in practice, the low
price - to - book
decile is very small.
The yellow dotted line shows the average returns to the ten
decile portfolios of stocks ranked by
price - to - book value from 1968 to 2012.
We analyze the compound annual growth rates of each
price ratio over the 1964 to 2011 period for market capitalization — weighted
decile portfolios.
[Lakonishok, Shleifer, and Vishny] repeated this analysis for
deciles based on
price - to - cash flow,
price - to - earnings, and sales growth.
Smith, who volunteered for Benjamin Graham at UCLA, concentrates on the bottom
decile of
price to tangible book stocks and has compounded at 15.3 % over 30 years:
For example, the cheap
price - to - book value (PBV)
decile outperforms the next and so on:
Exhibit 3 compares average annualized performance for U.S. stocks from the 1968 to 2008 period for
deciles based on
price - to - book.
I quote: By marrying the two and buying the 25 stocks from
decile 1 of Value Factor Two with the best six - month
price appreciation, average annual returns jump to an eye - popping 21.19 percent, turning $ 10,000 into $ 69,098,587 between 1964 and 2009.»
Drawdowns Relative to the Market for Value
Decile (
Price - to - Book Value), and 3 Shiller PE Timed Strategies
To test this relationship, all stocks listed on the NYSE were ranked on December 31 of each year, according to stock
price as a percentage of book value, and sorted into
deciles.
The value
decile contained the 283 stocks with the lowest ratio of
price to earnings, cashflow, book value or dividends.
Table 4 - 9 shows the largest stock by market capitalization for each of the
deciles ranked by
price - to - book value.
The stocks were sorted by
price volatility
deciles, so you had to pick some volatile stocks and tame stocks.
The first — «Sell at 1SD, Buy at -1 SD» — buys the
price - to - book value
decile only if the Shiller PE is one standard deviation below its mean, sells into cash if the Shiller PE is more than one standard deviation above its mean, and holds cash until the market falls back below one standard deviation below the mean.
I guess to tie it all together, based on this and some of your prior posts, what is the market cap range of the best performing
deciles on a
price / book basis?
The first option is to simply always remain fully invested in the value
decile (measured by
price - to - book value).
In «
Decile Portfolios of the New York Stock Exchange, 1967 — 1984,» Working Paper, Yale School of Management, 1986, Ibbotson studied the relationship between stock
price as a proportion of book value and investment returns.
While I think LSV's selection of
price - to - earnings and
price - to - book as indicia of value in the aggregate probably means that value had some influence on the results, I don't think they can definitively say that the cheapest stocks were in the «value»
decile and the most expensive stocks were in the «glamour»
decile.
But this time, ONLY look at the value
decile (using
Price to Book or
Price to Earnings — something standard to the literature).
Those two papers found that value stocks (defined as the lowest
decile of stocks by
price - to - book) outperformed glamour stocks (and by a wide margin).
Figure 2.7 shows the performance of each
decile ranked according to the Magic Formula and Quality and
Price for the period 1964 to 2011.
While there may be a value effect in these results, the
deciles were constructed on
price performance alone.