Combining baseline adjustments, treatment attenuation effects, and prior preschool attendance attenuation effects, we assume that non-low-income
children experience 42 percent of the reduction in the
need for
special education, 21 percent of the
decline in grade retention, 12 percent of the reduction in
child maltreatment, 42 percent of the drop in juvenile and adult crime, 26 percent of the lessening of depression, and 37 percent of the decrease in smoking experienced by low - income
children.28
This program reduced the high mortality rate of inner - city infants from summer diarrhea when previous efforts of private agencies had failed.5 In the late 20th century, as funding for public health nurses has
declined relative to the
need, home - visitation programs have focused on families with
special problems such as premature or low - birth - weight infants,
children with developmental delay, teenage parents, and families at risk for
child abuse or neglect.6