Long - term climate warming is strongly correlated with
declining snow water equivalent and shifts in stream flow throughout the American West and appear to be largely explained by decreased spring accumulation and / or increased spring melt.
Not exact matches
The Sierra Nevada snowpack, which provides about 65 percent of the state's
water, has been
declining since 1950, and a quarter of the
snow is projected to disappear by 2050.
Another recent study, for instance — just out last week in Science Advances — documented a general
decline in
snow water resources across High Mountain Asia, a region spanning from the Hindu Kush region to the Himalayas.
Although civil unrest is far less likely there, tension is indeed growing between political leaders in northern and southern California over who gets the increasingly scarce
water from rivers, underground aquifers and
snow melt, all of which are
declining.
I guess I am surprised that with better understanding of the importance of
water vapor feedback, sulfate aerosols, black carbon aerosols, more rapid than expected
declines in sea ice and attendant decreases in albedo, effects of the deposition of soot and dust on
snow and ice decreasing albedo, and a recognition of the importance of GHGs that were probably not considered 30 years ago, that the sensitivity has changed so little over time.
I guess I am surprised that with better understanding of the importance of
water vapor feedback, sulfate aerosols, black carbon aerosols, more rapid than expected
declines in sea ice and attendant decreases in albedo, effects of the deposition of soot and dust on
snow and ice decreasing albedo, and a recognition of the importance of GHGs that were probably not considered 30 years ago, that the sensitivity has changed so little over time.
IPCC AR4 WG1 SPM says (under «Fresh
water resources and their management» of «C. Current knowledge about future impacts») In the course of the century,
water suppries stored in glaciers and
snow cover are projected to
decline, reducing
water availability in regions supplied by meltwater from major mountain ranges, where more than one - sixth of the world population currently lives.
Snow - dependent drainage basins that supply much of the world with
water are steadily
declining.
Enhanced
water vapor absorbs more incoming sunlight and reflection from
snow and ice
declines.
In the course of the century,
water supplies stored in glaciers and
snow cover are projected to
decline, reducing
water availability in regions supplied by meltwater from major mountain ranges, where more than one - sixth of the world population currently lives.
Snow water equivalent is projected to
decline throughout the Peace and Campbell and at low elevations within the Columbia.
Those who do come to the Northwest will be faced with an unpleasant reality, she adds, reciting a list of problems expected to strike the region before the turn of the century: regional temperature increases between 5.5 and 9.1 degrees Fahrenheit; drier summers making the Northwest's forests more susceptible to fire;
declining snowpack, as more precipitation falls as rain instead of
snow at higher elevations, straining regional
water supplies and increasing the risk of flooding downstream.
As ice
declines in the Arctic and Antarctic regions, melting
snow and ice could alter
water currents, leading to dramatic changes in the marine environment.
In order of seniority, the seven feedbacks that seem outstanding are:
Water vapour — rising by ~ 7 % per 1.0 C of warming; Albedo loss — due mostly to cryosphere decline; Microbial peat - bog decay — due to rising CO2 affecting ecological dynamics; Desiccation of tropical and temperate soils — due to SAT rise and droughts; Permafrost melt — due to SAT rise plus loss of snow cover, etc; Forest combustion — due to SAT rise, droughts, pest responses, etc; Methyl clathrates [aka methane hydrates] now threatened by rising sea - temperatures, increased water column mixing,
Water vapour — rising by ~ 7 % per 1.0 C of warming; Albedo loss — due mostly to cryosphere
decline; Microbial peat - bog decay — due to rising CO2 affecting ecological dynamics; Desiccation of tropical and temperate soils — due to SAT rise and droughts; Permafrost melt — due to SAT rise plus loss of
snow cover, etc; Forest combustion — due to SAT rise, droughts, pest responses, etc; Methyl clathrates [aka methane hydrates] now threatened by rising sea - temperatures, increased
water column mixing,
water column mixing, etc..