Sentences with phrase «decrease in ozone»

Since a large body of evidence links pollution with poor health, and health is an important part of human capital, efforts to reduce pollution could plausibly be viewed as an investment in human capital and thus a tool for promoting economic growth... We find robust evidence that ozone levels well below federal air quality standards have a significant impact on productivity: a 10 ppb decrease in ozone concentrations increases worker productivity by 4.2 percent.

It is designed to assist decision - makers and public health planners in determining the potential health - problems that may arise in their region from global climatic change caused by an increase in greenhouse gases and a decrease in the ozone layer.

26 If the ozone blocks ultraviolet radiation...... then a decrease in ozone means and increase in the amount of ultraviolet radiation that reaches Earth's surface RESULTS OF OZONE DEPLETION

Their central estimate suggests that a 10 ppb (parts per billion) decrease in ozone concentration increases worker productivity by 4.2 percent.

«A long - term decrease in ozone might systematically affect stratospheric temperatures so that the beginning of winter could be colder than in our simulation,» say Austin and his colleagues.

But scientists have now found that stratospheric ozone is probably not recovering at lower latitudes, between 60 ⁰ N and 60 ⁰ S (London lies at 51 ⁰ N), because of unexpected decreases in ozone in the lower part of the stratosphere.

«The decreases in ozone are less than we saw at the poles before the Montreal Protocol was enacted, but UV radiation is more intense in these regions and more people live there.»

In the mid-latitude stratosphere, for example, the decreases in the ozone layer seen in the 1980s and 1990s have not continued.

Joanna Haigh and colleagues now show that these spectral variations — when incorporated into a radiative - photochemical model — lead to decreases in ozone below 45 kilometres and increases above.

Not exact matches

While elevated ozone did decrease the Phl p 5 allergen content in pollen, «the strong CO2 - stimulation of pollen production suggests increased exposure to Timothy grass allergen overall,» even if O3 projections are realized, the authors note.

And there could be unforeseen downsides, the researchers say, such as a decrease in stratospheric ozone or a shift in tropical weather patterns that could end up aggravating droughts in arid regions.

Oxidized nitrogen becomes part of photochemical smog and ozone and is a major component of the infamous PM 2.5, particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter that decreases visibility and is harmful when inhaled because it can penetrate deeply into the lungs.

The lower stratosphere's ozone continues to decrease, despite the world's success in phasing out ozone - depleting chemicals

The Science paper shows that you can pretty consistently explain about half the decrease in the depth of the ozone hole.

As well as human influences, Novelli points out that the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991 may be responsible for a recent decrease in stratospheric ozone levels.

And while ozone in the eastern U.S. has decreased overall, the levels can spike during heat waves.

These show that just such a long - term decrease is taking place, and that there were unusually low values of ozone concentration in 1992 between latitudes 50 degrees North and 60 degrees North, covering Northern Europe, Russia and Canada.

However, the research also showed that a sharp reduction in the emissions of certain pollutants would lead to dramatically decreased levels of ozone even as temperatures warm.

As a result of regulation by the Montreal Protocol, the levels of ozone - depleting chlorine and bromine stopped growing in the atmosphere in the mid-1990s, and have been decreasing at nearly the expected rate.

Clearly Antarctica is supposed to warm in the future as greenhouse levels increase (and ozone loss decreases), but it is unclear just how it should be behaving to date.

The colour scale for increasing and decreasing ozone levels over time and associated p - values is the same as in Figure 8.

Chemistry - transport model studies of the impact of recent changes of ozone precursor emissions, both regionally and globally as outlined above, consistently show that the local response of ozone levels has been a decrease in North America and Europe and an increase in East Asia (Verstraeten et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2016; Lin et al., 2017).

Furthermore, other measurement and model studies comparing the response of mid-range vs. high ozone values show that the ozone decreases in the US and Europe are more pronounced for the highest ozone values, while sites in China show ozone increases for both mid-range and high ozone values (Derwent et al., 2010; Simon et al., 2015; Lefohn et al., 2017b).

That's because «even in the worst - case scenario, which is business - as - usual, we still expect that ozone is going to decrease in the future because of ozone regulations in these particular countries,» Tai said in the phone interview.

The increasing depleation of ozone over the Pole regions, Real Climate (6 May 2005) Record Artic Ozone Loss, has at least coincided with decreased temperatures, comment 5, and increased snow falls in the Antartic continents interior, New Scientist (28 May 2005) in Brief, pozone over the Pole regions, Real Climate (6 May 2005) Record Artic Ozone Loss, has at least coincided with decreased temperatures, comment 5, and increased snow falls in the Antartic continents interior, New Scientist (28 May 2005) in Brief, pOzone Loss, has at least coincided with decreased temperatures, comment 5, and increased snow falls in the Antartic continents interior, New Scientist (28 May 2005) in Brief, p. 17.

Specifically, the model yields a realistic trend to the positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in response to a decrease in stratospheric ozone and increase in other GHGs (Fig.

Breathing ozone results in short - term decreases in lung function and damages the cells lining the lungs.

Even worse, not every satellite measures ozone in quite the same way, meaning connecting the datasets together introduces additional artificial fluctuations — all these factors make the problem harder and had to be carefully controlled to elicit whether stratospheric ozone is increasing or decreasing overall.»

Shown to be safe in the body on a cellular level, ozone therapy decreases inflammation.

On the other hand both records have shown dramatic cooling in the stratosphere, where cooling is indeed expected due to increasing greenhouse gases and decreasing ozone (which heats the stratosphere due to its absorption of solar ultraviolet radiation).

With no ozone, the atmospheric temperature would decrease monotonically, and we would instead have to speak of cooling of the «upper atmosphere» in conjunction with the surface warming due to increasing GHGs.

More than 100 countries have signed on the decrease in global ozone signaled by the ozone hole has been arrested by the regulatory steps which have stopped the growth in atmospheric abundance of many ozone depletion substances.

Observations from satellites and balloons suggest that ozone abundances have decreased in the tropical lower stratosphere since the late 1970s, but this long - term change is occurring in a region of large interannual variability.

The uncertainties in ozone decreases lead to similar uncertainties in cooling of the tropical lower stratosphere, a key area of focus in climate change studies.

Breathing ozone results in short - term decreases in lung function and damages the cells lining the lungs.

In addition, the ozone in ABCs leads to a significant decrease in agriculture yields (by as much as 20 — 40 %) in the polluted regionIn addition, the ozone in ABCs leads to a significant decrease in agriculture yields (by as much as 20 — 40 %) in the polluted regionin ABCs leads to a significant decrease in agriculture yields (by as much as 20 — 40 %) in the polluted regionin agriculture yields (by as much as 20 — 40 %) in the polluted regionin the polluted regions.

Thus the influence of aerosols and ozone over the period with the largest decrease in aerosols.

«How much will temperatures rise for a doubling of CO2 and equivalents (increases in CO2, methane, black carbon, ozone, nitrous oxide, and decreases in sulfate)?»

In the mesosphere, the temperature decreases with height again, because there is very little ozone to warm up the air.

As effective chlorine decreases in the 21st century, the potential for ozone depletion from halogen gases will also decrease.

52 • Immune system suppression Natural Capital Degradation Effects of Ozone Depletion Human Health • Worse sunburn • More eye cataracts • More skin cancers • Immune system suppression Food and Forests • Reduced yields for some crops • Reduced seafood supplies from reduced phytoplankton • Decreased forest productivity for UV - sensitive tree species Wildlife • Increased eye cataracts in some species • Decreased population of aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton • Disrupted aquatic food webs from reduced phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased levels of ozone in the stratospOzone Depletion Human Health • Worse sunburn • More eye cataracts • More skin cancers • Immune system suppression Food and Forests • Reduced yields for some crops • Reduced seafood supplies from reduced phytoplankton • Decreased forest productivity for UV - sensitive tree species Wildlife • Increased eye cataracts in some species • Decreased population of aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton • Disrupted aquatic food webs from reduced phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased levels of ozone in the straDecreased forest productivity for UV - sensitive tree species Wildlife • Increased eye cataracts in some species • Decreased population of aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton • Disrupted aquatic food webs from reduced phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased levels of ozone in the straDecreased population of aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton • Disrupted aquatic food webs from reduced phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased levels of ozone in the stradecreased levels of ozone in the stratospozone in the stratosphere.

Climate engineering programs are completely disrupting natural weather and climate cycles all over the world, destroying the ozone layer, and decreasing the overall hydrological cycle (which, in turn, fuels record drought and firestorms).

While atmospheric levels of ozone - depleting chemicals were rapidly increasing before the Protocol was ratified, emissions of nearly all of these chemicals have declined substantially and atmospheric levels of most of these gases have decreased in the intervening 2 decades.

27 In the late 1970s, the United States and many other countries banned most uses of CFCs in aerosol sprays In 1990, many nations agreed to phase out the production and use of CFCs The size of the ozone layer is expected to gradually shrink over time as these decreases take effect RESULTS OF OZONE DEPLETIIn the late 1970s, the United States and many other countries banned most uses of CFCs in aerosol sprays In 1990, many nations agreed to phase out the production and use of CFCs The size of the ozone layer is expected to gradually shrink over time as these decreases take effect RESULTS OF OZONE DEPLETIin aerosol sprays In 1990, many nations agreed to phase out the production and use of CFCs The size of the ozone layer is expected to gradually shrink over time as these decreases take effect RESULTS OF OZONE DEPLETIIn 1990, many nations agreed to phase out the production and use of CFCs The size of the ozone layer is expected to gradually shrink over time as these decreases take effect RESULTS OF OZONE DEPLozone layer is expected to gradually shrink over time as these decreases take effect RESULTS OF OZONE DEPLOZONE DEPLETION

Simulations with GCMs by Stevenson et al. (2000) and Grewe et al. (2001) for the 21st century indicate a decrease in the lifetime of tropospheric ozone as increasing water vapour enhances the dominant ozone sink from the oxygen radical in the 1D excited state (O (1D)-RRB- plus water (H2O) reaction.

The atmospheric abundances of major greenhouse gases that deplete stratospheric ozone are decreasing (CFC - 11, CFC - 113, CH3CCl3, CCl4), or increasing more slowly (CFC - 12), in response to the phase - out in their production agreed to under the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments.

Contrary to expectations, our model simulates a year ‐ round decrease in Antarctic sea ice due to stratospheric ozone depletion.

60 • Immune system suppression Natural Capital Degradation Effects of Ozone Depletion Human Health • Worse sunburn • More eye cataracts • More skin cancers • Immune system suppression Food and Forests • Reduced yields for some crops • Reduced seafood supplies from reduced phytoplankton • Decreased forest productivity for UV - sensitive tree species Wildlife • Increased eye cataracts in some species • Decreased population of aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased levels of ozone in the stratospOzone Depletion Human Health • Worse sunburn • More eye cataracts • More skin cancers • Immune system suppression Food and Forests • Reduced yields for some crops • Reduced seafood supplies from reduced phytoplankton • Decreased forest productivity for UV - sensitive tree species Wildlife • Increased eye cataracts in some species • Decreased population of aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased levels of ozone in the straDecreased forest productivity for UV - sensitive tree species Wildlife • Increased eye cataracts in some species • Decreased population of aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased levels of ozone in the straDecreased population of aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased levels of ozone in the stradecreased levels of ozone in the stratospozone in the stratosphere.

UPDATE Feb 9 2012: Some thoughts on why there is an increase in ozone above 45 km and a decrease below during low solar output.

This thinning, which can decrease the ozone concentration by as much as 70 percent, was caused by the rampant use of human - made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), organic compounds that were once widely used in cooling systems and aerosols.