Sentences with phrase «decreasing expression level»

The log10 FPKM +1 values from the RNAseq data are plotted in blue, and genes are ordered by decreasing expression level.

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In animal models, exposure to cigarette smoke or nicotine during fetal development alters the expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in areas of the brainstem important for autonomic function, 28 alters the neuronal excitability of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (a brainstem region important for sensory integration), 29 and alters fetal autonomic activity and medullary neurotransmitter receptors.30 In human infants, there are strong associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and serotonin receptors in the brainstem during development.31 Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke attenuates recovery from hypoxia in preterm infants, 32 decreases heart rate variability in preterm33 and term34 infants, and abolishes the normal relationship between heart rate and gestational age at birth.33 Moreover, infants of smoking mothers exhibit impaired arousal patterns to trigeminal stimulation in proportion to urinary cotinine levels.35 It is important to note also that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke alters the normal programming of cardiovascular reflexes such that there is a greater - than - expected increase in blood pressure and heart rate in response to breathing 4 % carbon dioxide or a 60 ° head - up tilt.36 These changes in autonomic function, arousal, and cardiovascular reflexes might all increase an infant's vulnerability to SIDS.

They also showed that they could manipulate Klotho expression pharmacologically using the anti-diabetic drug rosiglitazone, which resulted in decreased levels of Wnt5A.

The researchers» findings indicated that decreased pupil dilation to emotional facial expressions predicted a significant increase in post-flood depressive symptoms, but only among women who experienced higher levels of flood - related stress.

Borrelli said they observed a remarkable decrease in expression levels of some 2,000 genes in this area, coupled with a widespread increase in modifications of basic DNA proteins called histones — particularly those associated with reduced gene activity.

Remarkably, the relative expression levels of all marker genes were only slightly decreased when R206H ACVR1 and Q207D caACVR1 cultures were cotransfected with Noggin, whereas cells expressing the wild - type ACVR1 or empty viral vector showed clear downregulation of all analyzed marker genes for chondrogenesis.

While expression levels of all marker genes remained almost unchanged in wild - type ACVR1 cultures compared with the empty viral vector, the expression profile induced by caACVR1 Q207D displayed evidence of advanced chondrogenic differentiation as shown by decreased levels of the early differentiation stage marker collagen type II together with enhanced expression of the later - stage markers Ihh and collagen type X. Indian hedgehog has been shown previously to be induced by BMP signaling transmitted via the ACVR1 receptor (9).

Antennae - deprived workers, however, exhibited a tendency toward a 20 % decrease in the induced Acks expression level compared with the intact workers (Figure 5N).

The relative Acks expression was approximately 5 to 7-fold higher from 30 to 60 min after seizure induction, and then decreased to basal levels (Figure 1B).

As shown in Fig. 5A, decreased expression of DDX3 at the protein level was found in 73 % of HCC from 26 patients.

Expression levels of DDX3 mRNA in HCC samples as shown in (B) are classified into unchanged, decreased, and enhanced categories.

Inversely, almost complete inhibition of AKT1 gene expression by AKT1 - specific siRNA resulted in decreased p - mTOR levels (Fig. 3C).

The increase in the Aβ42 / Aβ40 ratio (driven by a decrease in plasma Aβ40 levels) could also be related to the observed decrease in expression of CLU as part of the relaxation effect (P = 0.00045).

Some genetic variations in SLC16A11 simply decrease its expression in the liver (an organ that helps regulate blood sugar levels, and is therefore implicated in T2D).

For example, 2xHAR.142 and 2xHAR.114, like many other HARs, function as enhancers, which increase or decrease the level of a gene's expression.

Rather, HAR2 functions as an enhancer, a DNA sequence that works to increase or decrease the level of a gene's expression.8 An enhancer can be located thousands of base pairs away from the gene it regulates.

When they also looked for human genes with significantly higher or lower expression levels, they found 14 genes with increased expression and five with decreased expression.

In the AD mice, the expression of ERK1 / 2 was significantly increased (p < 0.05), while the level of BDNF was decreased (p < 0.05).

Silencing of Nrf2 significantly decreased baseline levels of HMOX1, whereas silencing of Bach1 resulted in a 50-fold increase in expression of HMOX1 mRNA (Figure 4B).

Using both semi-quantitative-reverse transcriptase PCR and Quantitative Real - Time PCR to assess the resulting levels of sema2a expression, we confirmed that our method of RNAi significantly decreased sema2a levels (Figure 1A - B).

In the HepG2 cells, the expression of p53 reached a maximal level with treatment of 10 nM ActD, and decreased with doses of 100 nM or higher for 6 h (Fig. 1B).

Cyanidin increased SIRT6 enzyme levels in human colorectal cancer cells, and it was also discovered to decrease the expression of the Twist1 and GLUT1 cancer genes, while increasing the expression of the tumor suppressor FoXO3 gene in cells.

As expected, DAXX RNA expression levels were decreased (65 %) in DAXX K / D cells (Figure 5, 6A, and 6B).

ACTB mRNA expression levels in lymphoblastic lines and fibroblasts derived from affected individuals were decreased in comparison to those in control cells.

Treatment of iLpldf mice with ApoC - III ASO decreased Apoc3 mRNA levels (Figure 8A) and protein expression (Supplemental Figure 6A) and reduced plasma TGs (Figure 8B) and TGs in CR / VLDL particles (Figure 8C).

We observed that SCGB1A1 expression is drastically reduced in current smokers but is expressed at similar levels in former and never smokers, and a previous study showed decreased serum SCGB1A1 level in smokers [44].

We confirmed that the protein level of APC was elevated and the expression of miR - 150 was decreased in the human breast cancer xenograft cells transfected with the anti-miR-142-3p lentivirus (Figure 5E and Figure 7B).

Despite this possibility, mevinolin, the active ingredient in red yeast rice, is capable of reducing 7 - dehydrocholesterol levels, 22 and simvistatin (Zocor) not only inhibits the synthesis of mevalonate but also enhances the conversion of 7 - dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol by increasing the expression of 7 - DHCR.23 Simvistatin thereby hits the pool of 7 - dehydrocholesterol with a double - whammy, both decreasing its synthesis and increasing its degradation.

ERβ expression has been revealed to be greatly decreased in malignant prostate tissue, reaching nearly undetectable levels with tumor progression in more than 75 % of cases.

The minor allele of rs25532 significantly decreased luciferase reporter gene expression levels by 15 — 80 %, depending on 5 - HTTLPR allele background and cell type.

Several investigations found that conduct problems coupled with low levels of CU traits are associated with increased amygdala reactivity to fearful and angry facial expressions (Viding et al., 2012; Hyde et al., 2013; Blair et al., 2014; Sebastian et al., 2014), while those coupled with high levels of CU traits are correlated with decreased amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli, particularly fearful facial expressions (Odgers et al., 2008; Jones et al., 2009).

Dandeneau, Baldwin, Baccus, Sakellaropoulo, and Pruessner (2007) used facial expressions as secure primes over five consecutive days to decrease levels of stress and increase self - esteem in a group of college students after a final examination at the end of the five - day period.