Even zero - degree seawater at outer continen tal shelf depths could expose ice shelves with
deep grounding lines like the Totten (2.2 km), Moscow (2.0 km) and Shackleton (1.8 km) to temperatures more than 3 °C above their melting points.»
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/AntarcticBedrock.jpg The further it retreats,
the deeper the grounding line gets, and the more efficient the thermohaline pump where heavy warmer salt water dives to replace fresh meltwater at the grounding line.
Equivalently,
the deeper a grounding line is in the ocean, the easier it is to make it retreat.
Not exact matches
We must seek the
deepest possible sociological understanding of the world we live in, apply the best methods, refrain from tampering with the resuits of our research on the
ground that they are «spiritually» embarrassing, maintain complete clarity and complete realism - all in order to find out, as precisely as may be, where we are and what we are doing, and also what
lines of action are open to us.
Brooks recently rewatched tape of a play against South Carolina last season in which Mahelona flew through the
line of scrimmage after the snap, his body practically parallel to the
ground, and wrapped up running back Daccus Turman five yards
deep in the backfield.
With a
deep collection of big - but - quick bodies, the Saints have a defensive
line that can limit gains on the
ground and mount an effective pass rush.
Some glaciers on the perimeter of West Antarctica are receiving increased heat from
deep, warm ocean currents, which melt ice from the
grounding line, releasing the brake and causing the glaciers to flow and shed icebergs into the ocean more quickly.
Most Antarctic glaciers flow straight into the ocean in
deep submarine troughs, the
grounding line is the place where their base leaves the sea floor and begins to float.
«If protective ice shelves were suddenly lost in the vast areas around the Antarctic margin where reverse - sloping bedrock (where the bed on which the ice sheet sits deepens toward the continental interior, rather than toward the ocean) is more than 1,000 meters
deep, exposed
grounding line ice cliffs would quickly succumb to structural failure as is happening in the few places where such conditions exist today,» the researchers point out.
Since there is a reverse slope as you go landward, the
grounding line gets
deeper and
deeper.
Rapid losses of 1 mm per year will ensue once the
grounding line reaches the basin's
deepest parts, which could occur within two centuries.
Once melt passed 1 mm per year, rapid collapse (within decades) occurred as the
grounding line reached the
deepest parts of the marine basin (for reference, total global sea level rise today is ~ 3 mm per year, so this is a significant contribution!).
Thicker ice in
deeper water drives increased calving, increased ice discharge, and further
grounding -
line recession in a positive feedback loop2, 3.
Fast - flowing ice streams draining the WAIS (Pine Island Glacier and Thwaites Glacier in particular) into the Amundsen Sea have a
grounding line on a reverse bed slope, becoming
deeper inland.
In this case, incursions of circumpolar
deep water onto the continental shelf are melting the ice stream at its base and encouraging
grounding line recession, which results in a positive feedback loop and further
grounding line recession.
A silky smooth,
ground - breaking formula that specifically targets sagging,
deep lines and wrinkles, loss of elasticity and dehydration by intensifying the anti-ageing power of plant actives.
The film assembled one of the studio's finest voice casts, led by Albert Brooks and Ellen DeGeneres, gave them a ton of great gags and memorable characters (the surfer dude turtle and the «One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest» homage in the dentist's office first among them), and then
grounded it in with a
deep bass
line of thoroughly relatable pathos.
With a low window -
line and a raised driving position courtesy of the high
ground clearance, the Forester is a car that makes you feel in control, and there's also something relaxing about the
deep, distant throb of the horizontally - opposed engine.
The silhouette of the 9 - 3 — raked front and rear glass, wedgelike shoulder
lines and a jutting chin — gets an extra dose of drama in the Vector package, with its
ground - hugging ride height,
deep valances below the bumpers, 17 - inch alloy wheels and flared side sills.
Deep Brilliant Blue Volts and Tangerine Volts are highly coloured square monochrome canvases with a fine
line frame, painted in a colour the complementary of the
ground.
Yet there is much common
ground to discover in their picture - making approach, and many parallels, as each artist had an exquisite sense of form and
line, combined with
deep humanity.
To the casual viewer, it might appear very much in
line with early 19th - century European landscape painting, with its warm
ground, carefully graded tonal values and
deep aerial perspective.
And sea level rise will affect the glaciers that have
grounding lines upstream and under the ice — the
grounding line moves further upstream... would this touch some of the
deeper lakes under the ice cap?
This would suggest to me that the glacier
grounding line will retreat into the
deeper basin upglacier of the current
grounding line.
The
grounding line is where the ice stream become afloat, so if a subglacial lake breaches to the ocean, unless it is
deep for the ice stream to become floating, it will not alter the
grounding line in and of itself.
As the
grounding line becomes
deeper and
deeper as the ice melts back under a retrograde slope of the ocean bottom, this effect should increase.
«
Deep channels under the ice allow warm water to flow all the way to the
grounding line, where the ice shelf meets the bedrock,» said Michael Studinger, a researcher with the mission.