Sentences with phrase «deep ice sheets»

Times like this in the past have triggered runaway ice feedbacks that culminate in kilometre deep ice sheets over much of Europe and North America.

There was an era called white earth which starts about 700 million years ago with alternating periods of deep ice sheets and then hotter warmer stages which led to formation of various kinds of crystals, and last and luckily we live in the period known as green earth, which started about 400 million years ago when multicellular life arose and wholly changed to biochemical breakdown the makeup of the minerals on the planet again.

Not exact matches

Sometimes I use an ice cream scoop to make the cookies but sometimes I just feel like it's too much work, so I sometimes I make them like a bar cookie in my cookie sheets about 3/4 inch deep and it saves time.

Things I changed: - cut the sugar by about half, using mostly dark brown sugar for the molasses kick - scratched the nutmeg and allspice but added about 1/3 extra of all of the other spices and also added nearly a tsp of ground cardamon - replaced the veggie oil with melted leaf lard - scratched the raisins - baked it on a deep sheet for only ~ 20 minutes - just barely until firm to the touch - then cut that sheet into three layers - replaced the icing with my own 16 ounce cream cheese, 8 ounce butter, ~ 6 ounce heavy cream, ~ 5 ounce honey, 1 tsp vanilla combo - toasted the coconut before dressing the cake.

While most duck shooters snuggle deeper under the blankets, the Maine seabirder gets up at 4 a.m., drives his boat through swells that wash over the decks and turn them into sheets of ice, sets his trawl line of decoys, anchors in the lee of a ledge and covers his boat with rockweed.

But new analyses like this, which show previously undiscovered deep canyons, suggest that a good chunk of East Antarctica's bed lies below sea level, rendering the ice sheet less stable than previously thought.

The deep grooves under the massive ice sheet could facilitate flow into the ocean, which suggests sea level rise estimates for this century need to be revised upwards

Additionally, the Zachariae glacier at the ice sheet margin began its retreat and moved into deeper water, which exacerbated the melt, said Bevis.

If the sheet stays in one spot long enough, strong winds and sunlight can evaporate the top layers and reveal deeper, older ice — and large meteorite concentrations.

Clow measured twice, once in 2011 and again in 2014, the temperature in a 3.4 - kilometer - deep (2 - mile - deep) borehole from which the West Antarctic Sheet Divide ice core had been drilled during an eight - year project that ended in 2011.

By measuring the remaining difference — the 20,000 - year old ice deep in the West Antarctic ice sheet is about 1 degree Celsius cooler than the surface — the scientists were able to estimate the original temperature based on how fast pure ice warms up.

The aircraft breaks free of the clouds, and a plane - shaped shadow slides across the ice sheet between crevasses more than 100 feet deep.

Scientists using ice - penetrating radar data collected by NASA's Operation IceBridge and earlier airborne campaigns have built the first comprehensive map of layers deep inside the Greenland Ice Sheet, opening a window on past climate conditions and the ice sheet's potentially perilous futuice - penetrating radar data collected by NASA's Operation IceBridge and earlier airborne campaigns have built the first comprehensive map of layers deep inside the Greenland Ice Sheet, opening a window on past climate conditions and the ice sheet's potentially perilous futuIce Sheet, opening a window on past climate conditions and the ice sheet's potentially perilous fuSheet, opening a window on past climate conditions and the ice sheet's potentially perilous futuice sheet's potentially perilous fusheet's potentially perilous future.

The two studies improve our understand of Greenland's deep past, while raising questions about both the past and future of its giant ice sheet in a changing climate.

Two studies open deep history of Greenland's ice sheet, and raise new questions about its stability.»

Their results overcome a basic problem of trying to discern the deep history of ice from bedrock: every time an ice sheet retreats and then grows back, it scours away the bedrock and the isotope record of its own past.

With light sensors sunk kilometers deep into the ice sheet, IceCube's detector is so huge that it could pick up traces of a million neutrinos from a Milky Way supernova.

«We argue that it was the establishment of the modern deep ocean circulation — the ocean conveyor — about 2.7 million years ago, and not a major change in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere that triggered an expansion of the ice sheets in the northern hemisphere,» says Stella Woodard, lead author and a post-doctoral researcher in the Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences.

Our global climate models zoom down to finer and finer resolutions; our satellites reveal remote corners of the globe; we increase our understanding of the response of giant ice sheets and deep ocean currents to a warming planet.

The deep freeze within the ice sheets keeps the meteorites virtually pristine.

«If protective ice shelves were suddenly lost in the vast areas around the Antarctic margin where reverse - sloping bedrock (where the bed on which the ice sheet sits deepens toward the continental interior, rather than toward the ocean) is more than 1,000 meters deep, exposed grounding line ice cliffs would quickly succumb to structural failure as is happening in the few places where such conditions exist today,» the researchers point out.

That's partly because it lives in the remote Arctic, often swimming deep beneath the ice sheets, which makes it rather hard to find.

A new study led by the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics has found that wind over the ocean off the coast of East Antarctica causes warm, deep waters to upwell, circulate under Totten Ice Shelf, and melt the fringes of the East Antarctic ice sheet from belIce Shelf, and melt the fringes of the East Antarctic ice sheet from belice sheet from below.

A March study shows that one large swath of the ice sheet sits on beds as deep as 8,000 feet below sea level and is connected to warming ocean currents.

The oldest ice, trapped in the deepest part of the ice sheet, could reveal temperatures eons ago.

In a finding offering another sea - level rise warning, scientists yesterday reported the existence of deep, canyon - like valleys in the bedrock underneath the Greenland ice sheet that could facilitate the extensive flow of ice into the ocean.

To get more detailed temperature data, the researchers used two relatively new methods of investigation, both of which examine the layer of compressed granular snow that is formed between the top layer of soft and fluffy snow and the layer deeper down in the ice sheet, where the compressed snow has been turned into ice.

The weight of the upper layers of the ice sheet causes the deep ice to spread, causing the annual ice layers to become thinner and thinner with depth.

Deep ocean water, which is relatively warm, has been melting portions of the ice sheet at its base.

They expected the detritus would be safely entombed in the ice sheet for tens of thousands of years, buried ever deeper under accumulating layers of snow and ice.

Jakobshavn Isbræ, which is widely believed to be the glacier that produced the large iceberg that sank the Titanic in 1912, drains the Greenland ice sheet into a deep ocean fjord on the coast of the island.

The ice sheet now measures as little as 2 meters at its shallowest and roughly 55 meters at its deepest.

The wind changes were found to be heaving warm currents from deeper waters up into a zone where the Antarctic ice sheet is vulnerable to melt and crumble from beneath — the area where towers of ice sit atop submerged ground.

One 2004 NASA - led study found that most of the glaciers they were studying «flow into floating ice shelves over bedrock up to hundreds of meters deeper than previous estimates, providing exit routes for ice from further inland if ice - sheet collapse is under way.»

ice sheet A broad blanket of ice, often kilometers deep.

You will find Güralp instruments gathering seismic data in the harshest of environments, from the Antarctic ice sheet; to boreholes 100s of metres deep; to the world's most active volcanoes and deepest ocean trenches.

The concept is relatively simple: A huge portion of the West Antarctic ice sheet sits on bedrock below sea - level that slopes even deeper further inland from the shore.

The data revealed widespread enhanced flow, with tributary glaciers reaching deep into the ice - sheet's interior.

Nonetheless, the ice - sheet response to global warming remains an area of what risk analysts call «deep uncertainty».

Imagine an ice sheet sitting — as much of West Antarctica does — in a bowl that gets deeper the more inland you go.

Here we show that the East Greenland Ice Sheet existed over the past 7.5 million years, as indicated by beryllium and aluminum isotopes (10Be and 26Al) in quartz sand removed by deep, ongoing glacial erosion on land and deposited offshore in the marine sedimentary record.

A new 122 mm electromechanical drill for deep ice - sheet coring (DISC): 5.

Unlike the great ice sheet of Antarctica, the Greenland ice sheet is melting both on its surface and also at outlet glaciers that drain the ice sheet's mass through deep fjords, where these glaciers extend out into the ocean and often terminate in dynamic calving fronts, giving up gigaton - sized icebergs at times.

ice sheet The broad blanket of ice, most of it kilometers deep, that covers most of Antarctica.

It's deep blue waters, like a sheet of smooth ice, perfectly reflect the blue skies above.

Often defined as the area within the Arctic Circle, the unspoiled territory of the Arctic encompasses parts of Canada, Norway, Greenland, Iceland and Russia, and cruises here offer an up - close look at snowcapped mountains, deep fjords and gigantic ice sheets.

Installed in conjunction with the more traditional gallery exhibition, 33 °, the murals range from the humorous, an image of tourists wandering aimlessly across an aqua blue expanse, to a sobering, a black fissure opening stark and deep in what we are to assume is an arctic ice sheet, to the iconic, a lonely polar bear drifting on a small iceberg.

would a plausible physical explanation be that the deep ocean and ice sheets are still responding somewhat to the post-glacial temperature increase (eg, T - T0, 0 > 0), but that the faster components of SLR like the surface oceans and glaciers were actually responding to the decrease in temperature since the early Holocene?

That would also imply that (T - T0 (t)-RRB- must be negative during the pre-900 period when SLR = 0... would a plausible physical explanation be that the deep ocean and ice sheets are still responding somewhat to the post-glacial temperature increase (eg, T - T0, 0 > 0), but that the faster components of SLR like the surface oceans and glaciers were actually responding to the decrease in temperature since the early Holocene?

For example: much of the Antarctic ice sheet is grounded below sea level, and some of the deepest parts are connected all the way to the open ocean by ice grounded below sea level.