Sentences with phrase «deep ice temperatures»

Are there any systematic measurements of deep ice temperatures in Greenland or Antarctica that give any indication of the actual change in energy content of all that ice, outside what is needed to crack the latent heat of freezing?

Do you know of any investigations of current deep ice temperatures of the glaciers and ice caps?

Do you know of any investigations of current deep ice temperatures of the glaciers and ice caps?

Not exact matches

The data also show a land bump, or sill, at the mouth of Skinfaxe glacier, which prevents warmer, deep Atlantic water (yellow on temperature bar) from reaching the ice.

They predicted that the ice age had slowed ocean circulation, trapping CO2 deep within it, and that warmer temperatures reversed this process.

Response to Comment on «Deep - Sea Temperature and Ice Volume Changes Across the Pliocene - Pleistocene Climate Transitions»

Clow measured twice, once in 2011 and again in 2014, the temperature in a 3.4 - kilometer - deep (2 - mile - deep) borehole from which the West Antarctic Sheet Divide ice core had been drilled during an eight - year project that ended in 2011.

The analysis is based on the fact that as the world warmed following the coldest part of the last ice age 20,000 years ago, the ice deep inside the Antarctic glaciers warmed more slowly than Earth's surface, just as a frozen turkey put into a hot oven will still be cold inside even after the surface has reached oven temperature.

By measuring the remaining difference — the 20,000 - year old ice deep in the West Antarctic ice sheet is about 1 degree Celsius cooler than the surface — the scientists were able to estimate the original temperature based on how fast pure ice warms up.

An international team of scientists has discovered new relationships between deep - sea temperature and ice - volume changes to provide crucial new information about how the ice ages came about.

Zero, of course, he reserved for the temperature of ice mixed with salt, almost as if the physical laws by which men lived their lives were but a pale shadow of that deeper truth: the recipe for a truly kicky margarita.

For the next iteration of experiments they will dive into much deeper, colder temperatures, approximately -90 degrees C -LRB--130 degrees F), and look at ice with small amounts of ammonia or sulfuric acid, which are second phases suggested for Enceladus and Europa, respectively.

So when wind pulls warm water up from down deep, the temperature difference experienced at the interface of the water and ice can effectively submerse the glacier in a hot bath, with some areas experiencing more than a 10-fold increase in melt rate.

The oldest ice, trapped in the deepest part of the ice sheet, could reveal temperatures eons ago.

To get more detailed temperature data, the researchers used two relatively new methods of investigation, both of which examine the layer of compressed granular snow that is formed between the top layer of soft and fluffy snow and the layer deeper down in the ice sheet, where the compressed snow has been turned into ice.

The study marks the first time that human influence on the climate has been demonstrated in the water cycle, and outside the bounds of typical physical responses such as warming deep ocean and sea surface temperatures or diminishing sea ice and snow cover extent.

Analysing new data from marine sediment cores taken from the deep South Atlantic, between the southern tip of South America and the southern tip of Africa, the researchers discovered that during the last ice age, deep ocean currents in the South Atlantic varied essentially in unison with Greenland ice - core temperatures.

That temperature difference could make the deepest layers of ice move around slowly, a bit like glaciers here on Earth.

Ice cores extracted from deep within a Himalayan glacier leave little doubt that the earth's temperatures are on the rise.

With higher levels of carbon dioxide and higher average temperatures, the oceans» surface waters warm and sea ice disappears, and the marine world will see increased stratification, intense nutrient trapping in the deep Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean) and nutrition starvation in the other oceans.

Five millennia of surface temperatures and ice core bubble characteristics from the WAIS Divide deep core, West Antarctica.

Scientists now believe that ice collects on the floors of deep craters at Mercury's poles, where it can remain permanently shaded from the Sun and reach temperatures as low as -235 degrees Fahrenheit (125 degrees Kelvin).

Five millennia of surface temperatures and ice core bubble characteristics from the WAIS Divide deep core, West Antarctica, Paleoceanography, 31 (3), p. 416 - 433.

In a deep fryer or large saucepan heat oil until 375 degrees (do not drop in ice cream until temperature is reached)

Combining confident grip in deep snow and on ice with predictable cold - weather handling in both dry and wet conditions, the X-Ice Xi3 has a compound that is firm at higher temperatures for wet and dry stability and flexible at lower temperatures for snow and ice traction.

Factory MSRP: $ 58,070 2018 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2LZ Silver Ice Metallic ** STANDARD & OPTIONAL EQUIPTMENT ON THIS VEHICLE: Trailering Package, ABS brakes, Alloy wheels, Chrome Door Handles, Compass, Dual - Zone Automatic Climate Control, Electronic Stability Control, Emergency communication system, Front dual zone A / C, Front Frame - Mounted Black Recovery Hooks, Heated door mirrors, Heated Driver & Front Passenger Seats, Heated front seats, Illuminated entry, Low tire pressure warning, Remote Keyless Entry, Remote keyless entry, Remote Vehicle Starter System, Single Slot CD / MP3 Player, Traction control, 110 - Volt AC Power Outlet, 150 Amp Alternator, 4.2» Diagonal Color Display Driver Info Center, 40/20/40 Front Split Bench Seat, 4 - Wheel Disc Brakes, 6 Speaker Audio System, 6 Speakers, Air Conditioning, AM / FM radio: SiriusXM, Auto - dimming door mirrors, Auto - Dimming Inside Rear - View Mirror, Auto - dimming Rear - View mirror, Automatic temperature control, Auxiliary External Transmission Oil Cooler, Bluetooth ® For Phone, Bodyside moldings, Brake assist, CD player, Chrome Bodyside Moldings, Chrome Cap Power - Adjustable Heated Outside Mirrors, Chrome Mirror Caps, Color - Keyed Carpeting w / Rubberized Vinyl Floor Mats, Deep - Tinted Glass, Delay - off headlights, Driver & Front Passenger Illuminated Vanity Mirrors, Driver door bin, Driver vanity mirror, Dual front impact airbags, Dual front side impact airbags, Electric Rear - Window Defogger, Exterior Parking Camera Rear, EZ Lift & Lower Tailgate, Front anti-roll bar, Front Center Armrest w / Storage, Front Chrome Bumper, Front fog lights, Front reading lights, Front wheel independent suspension, Fully automatic headlights, Garage door transmitter, HD Radio, Heavy - Duty Rear Locking Differential, Leather Appointed Seat Trim, Leather Wrapped Steering Wheel w / Cruise Controls, LED Taillamps w / Signature, Manual Tilt / Telescoping Steering Column, Memory seat, MP3 decoder, Occupant sensing airbag, OnStar Limited Trial Service Guidance Plan, OnStar w / 4G LTE, Outside temperature display, Overhead airbag, Overhead console, Panic alarm, Passenger door bin, Passenger vanity mirror, Power door mirrors, Power driver seat, Power passenger seat, Power Sliding Rear Window, Power steering, Power windows, Power Windows w / Driver Express Up, Premium audio system: Chevrolet MyLink, Radio data system, Radio: AM / FM 8» Diagonal Color Touch Screen, Rear 60/40 Folding Bench Seat (Folds Up), Rear Chrome Bumper, Rear reading lights, Rear seat center armrest, Rear step bumper, Rear Wheelhouse Liners, Rear window defroster, Remote Locking Tailgate, Security system, SiriusXM Satellite Radio, Speed control, Speed - sensing steering, Split folding rear seat, Steering Wheel Audio Controls, Steering wheel mounted audio controls, Tachometer, Telescoping steering wheel, Theft Deterrent System (Unauthorized Entry), Thin Profile LED Fog Lamps, Tilt steering wheel, Trip computer, Turn signal indicator mirrors, Universal Home Remote, Variably intermittent wipers, and Voltmeter.

would a plausible physical explanation be that the deep ocean and ice sheets are still responding somewhat to the post-glacial temperature increase (eg, T - T0, 0 > 0), but that the faster components of SLR like the surface oceans and glaciers were actually responding to the decrease in temperature since the early Holocene?

Beet juice also helps salt to melt ice at lower temperatures, making it particularly effective during deep freezes.

That would also imply that (T - T0 (t)-RRB- must be negative during the pre-900 period when SLR = 0... would a plausible physical explanation be that the deep ocean and ice sheets are still responding somewhat to the post-glacial temperature increase (eg, T - T0, 0 > 0), but that the faster components of SLR like the surface oceans and glaciers were actually responding to the decrease in temperature since the early Holocene?

This is because (a) the rate of heat penetration into the deeper ocean increases in proportion to temperature (like for ice melt), and (b) the second term we added models the mixed layer response successfully.

However, atmospheric CO2 content plays an important internal feedback role.Orbital - scale variability in CO2 concentrations over the last several hundred thousand years covaries (Figure 5.3) with variability in proxy records including reconstructions of global ice volume (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005), climatic conditions in central Asia (Prokopenko et al., 2006), tropical (Herbert et al., 2010) and Southern Ocean SST (Pahnke et al., 2003; Lang and Wolff, 2011), Antarctic temperature (Parrenin et al., 2013), deep - ocean temperature (Elder eld et al., 2010), biogeochemical conditions in the Northet al., 2008).

In my briefings to the Association of Small Island States in Bali, the 41 Island Nations of the Caribbean, Pacific, and Indian Ocean (and later circulated to all member states), I pointed out that IPCC had seriously and systematically UNDERESTIMATED the extent of climate change, showing that the sensitivity of temperature and sea level to CO2 clearly shown by the past climate record in coral reefs, ice cores, and deep sea sediments is orders of magnitude higher than IPCC's models.

Depending on meridional heat transport, when freezing temperatures reach deep enough towards low - latitudes, the ice - albedo feedback can become so effective that climate sensitivity becomes infinite and even negative (implying unstable equilibrium for any «ice - line» (latitude marking the edge of ice) between the equator and some other latitude).

Reactions on longer time frames (about 50 years LIA, 600 years glacial - interglacial, many thousands of years interglacial - glacial) involves (deep) ocean temperatures, ocean current changes, vegetation / land ice area changes,...

When sceptics look at statistical data, whether it is recent ice melt, deep sea temperatures, current trend in global surface temperatures, troposphere temperatures, ice core records etc. they look at the data as it is without any pre-conceptions and describe what it says.

As the thermometer goes deeper into the ice sheet, the temperature warms again, and then plummets to the temperatures indicative of the Ice Aice sheet, the temperature warms again, and then plummets to the temperatures indicative of the Ice AIce Age.

Study of the ice core recovered by Russian scientists from deep Antarctic holes has revealed that in the last 450,000 years the Earth has had at least four peaks of temperature upsurge with fluctuations of 10 to 12 degrees.

For example, let's say that evidence convinced me (in a way that I wasn't convinced previously) that all recent changes in land surface temperatures and sea surface temperatures and atmospheric temperatures and deep sea temperatures and sea ice extent and sea ice volume and sea ice density and moisture content in the air and cloud coverage and rainfall and measures of extreme weather were all directly tied to internal natural variability, and that I can now see that as the result of a statistical modeling of the trends as associated with natural phenomena.

The paper discusses that melting ice will decrease the salinity of the ocean waters around Antarctica, which will cause decreased mixing with the relatively warmer deep ocean waters, reducing sea surface temperatures, causing more sea ice to form.

Warmer temperatures have increased the amount of snow and ice on the ground (because more moisture evaporates into the atmosphere), which forces caribou to dig deeper to feed on the lichens and mosses below, using up energy; some die of exhaustion and starvation.

The deep meaning in Global Temperature for me is the wondrous observation that, in order for life to evolve on planet earth, over four billion years, it seems as if we have never been either completely ice - free or without some open water across the oceans.

I find it interesting to see that the HOC is increasing the strongest around antartica in the deep while the see ice area (not volume) shows slight increase and surface temperature is more or less constant.

Tree rings, coral skeletons, and glacial ice cores (Figure 3) are proxies for annual temperature records, while boreholes (holes drilled deep into Earth's crust) can show temperature shifts over longer periods of time.

Satellite pictures (below) clearly show that the recent loss of winter Arctic ice has occurred along the pathway by which warmer waters enter the Barents Sea, deep inside the Arctic Circle, while simultaneously air temperatures far to the south remain cold enough to maintain a frozen Hudson Bay.

Deep in the ice sheets of Greenland are annual layers that record what the atmospheric gases and the air temperature were like over each of the last 250,000 years.

I beg to differ with the viewpoint that the belief that humans exert fundamental (100 % attribution) control over the melting of ice sheets and the raising or lowering of sea levels or the temperatures of the deep oceans by emitting more or less fossil fuels is a «mainstream» view.

As Earth became colder and continental ice sheets grew, further increase of δ18O was due in equal parts to deep ocean temperature change and ice mass change.

Deep ocean temperature is approximated as linearly proportional to the fraction of the heavy oxygen istotope (δ18O), though Hansen has concluded that the proportion depends on the size of the continental ice sheets.

A few additions: — While coastal ice cores reflect the temperatures of the nearby Southern Ocean (via dD and d18O proxies), the deep inland, high altitude, ice cores of Vostok and Epica Dome C reflect the ocean temperatures for near the whole SH.

The temporal variation of the GHG plus surface albedo climate forcing closely mimics the temporal variation of either the deep ocean temperature (figure 6) or Antarctic temperature [5,31] for the entire 800000 years of polar ice core data.