He discovered that the occurrence of
deep ocean floor rocks, volcanic rocks and deformed rocks, which are currently found in the mountain ranges of New Guinea, point to the existence of a 4000 km wide subduction zone.
While at sea, Mutter investigates the workings
of deep ocean floors; on land, he directs the Earth Institute's Ph.D. in Sustainable Development and works to focus science on humanitarian causes.
On
the deep ocean floor, for instance, more than 80 percent of the species being found are unknown.
And tropical deep reefs are not barren landscapes on
the deep ocean floor: they are highly diverse ecosystems that warrant further study.
Only about 5 per cent of
the deep ocean floor has been mapped to this level of detail.
Dr Howell added: «The large quantity of litter reaching
the deep ocean floor is a major issue worldwide.
«They are the biodiversity hotspots of
the deep ocean floor,» says Smith.
«Plastics are also pretty well everywhere on Earth, from mountain tops to
the deep ocean floor — and can be fossilized into the far future.
This means nutrients are near the surface for a shorter time before returning to
the deep ocean floor.
In 2010, after seeing crude oil hemorrhaging from the floor of the Gulf of Mexico, fish and seabirds marinating in black sludge, and Big Oil on the public pillory, the notion of gouging
the deep ocean floor for fossil fuels seems reckless, if not criminal.
Most of the deposits, some small and some large, are buried in or below permafrost and sediments in the ocean bottom along continental margins — where shallow offshore waters slope down toward
the deeper ocean floor.
Not to mention the shells laid down today on
the deep ocean floor of the Pacific.
Van Dover has studied
the deep ocean floor for years and made many dives in Alvin.
«Plastics are also pretty well everywhere on Earth, from mountain tops to
the deep ocean floor — and can be fossilized into the far future,» Zalasiewicz continues.
Since nothing has come along that chews through the earth's coal deposits at any significant rate, biomass dumped in large quantities on
the deep ocean floor will probably mostly stay where it is long term, although I am sure an interesting ecosystem would develop once the dump site was left undisturbed.