Not exact matches
At high velocities
deep in the
ocean, that dual pressure heaves
water with forces powerful enough to generate a tsunami, as a similarly massive chunk of seafloor
did in the 2011 event in Japan.
«Nobody had
done rapid - response drilling in the
ocean, nobody had drilled anything substantial under 7 kilometers of
water, nobody had placed an observatory in a fault that
deep, and nobody had retrieved a string of instruments from that
deep,» she said.
«We need to
do more studies to be able to determine if this new species, which we are yet to name, only lives in the shallow
waters of the western Mediterranean or if it is also found in other
deep water basins in the eastern Mediterranean or Atlantic
Ocean, for example,» highlights Conxita Àvila.
The researchers found that during glacial periods when the atmosphere was colder and sea ice was far more extensive,
deep ocean waters came to the surface much further north of the Antarctic continent than they
do today.
When petroleum leaks from a ship or a
deep -
water drilling operation, «it tends to break up into tiny droplets that don't all end up on the surface of the
ocean,» says Thomas Azwell, an environmental scientist at the University of California (UC), Berkeley, who was not involved in the work.
Kepler - 296f is twice the size of Earth, but scientists
do not know whether the planet is a gaseous world, with a thick hydrogen - helium envelope, or it is a
water world surrounded by a
deep ocean.
Not only
does Earth have a lot of visible
water —
oceans cover 70 percent of the surface — but another 10
oceans» worth of
water may be entombed
deep inside.
Gage and Gordon take issue with claims by Rudall Blanchard Associates, Shell's consultants, that the
deep ocean «supports a small range of species»; that
deep -
water fishing
does not take place in the area; and that
water currents at the site are what atmospheric meteorologists would call «dead calm».
Because existing phenomena — such as thermal expansion of
water from warming —
do not fully explain the corrected sea - level - rise number of 3.3 millimeters, stored heat in the
deep ocean may be making a significant contribution, Cazenave said.
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Like why
does the
ocean have too have
water and why are their creatures in the
deep?
Partly this has to
do with changes in
ocean circulation taking warmer
water deeper and partly as the result of the southern hemisphere having less land mass and more
ocean — where the
ocean has a higher thermal inertia, meaning that it takes longer for those
waters to warm.
They haven't reached the point of development when we are sure that they are
doing everything right for the right reasons, and so my instinct is to be very cautious in interpreting
ocean model results that rely on shifts in the location of
deep water production etc..
Presumably, it
does take a lot of energy to move that much
water faster, with the heat potentially being redistributed into
deeper ocean layers associated with perhaps poorly understood fluctuations of the Antarctic convergence at depth?
The
deep ocean and surface
water don't overturn because of differences in density, so the exchange is via global circulation.
The land in turn creates warmer rivers which then enter the
ocean and follow the bottom out to
deep water so for diving buoys that don't come near shore the heat is not observed passing through the open
ocean surface.
The coralline sponges also indicate that your formula doesn't hold for the period after 1940, as increased plant uptake + increased
deep ocean release of CO2 (the only other fast source of huge quantities of CO2) both should increase the d13C level of the atmosphere and the upper
ocean waters.
Aside from continuing to misunderstand that the «missing heat» is about having an inadequate global climate observational network (mainly because we don't have good measurements of
deep ocean heat), observational data have demonstrated that
water vapor, and likely clouds, are indeed positive feedbacks.
This becomes silly because, evidently, the warmer
deep ocean water is not too cold to provide warming in a polar winter, an environment that doesn't just cool
water down, it freezes it solid.
Just to clarify what I am saying, due to the increased pressure the
deeper you go under the
ocean,
does it effect the ability of the
water to thermally expand?
Francisco (09:12:57): Go ahead and explain how additional heat in the atmosphere moves from the atmosphere to the
ocean surface, and from there to the
deep oceans, ** without first producing any warming in the atmosphere or on the
ocean surface
water ** Just because you don't know how it can happen,
does not mean that it is not happening, just that you don't understand how.
Now I don't know if there is maybe a pressure effect that alters that sea
water behavior; but I get skittish when people say the
deep oceans are at 4 deg C.
I
DO get nervous, when people say the
deep oceans are at 4 deg C. I know that is common for
deep fresh
water lakes; as a result of the 4 deg C maximum density of fresh
water; but salt
water does not have a maximum density short of freezing; at least for the levels of salinity in the
oceans.
Of course, if the air were to be warmer than the
ocean surface then evaporation would take the extra energy required from the air rather than the
water and that 1 mm
deep layer (0.3 C cooler than the
ocean bulk) would rise to the surface and dissipate but that doesn't happen often or for long.
Heat
does transfer from the warmer upper part of the
ocean to the
deeper cooler part, not the other way around as you claim, but it's balanced by flows of cold
water descending into the
deep ocean near the poles.
though warm
water going down seems «odd»... but how
does the wind carry heat into the
deep ocean?
From
deep ocean cooling to
water vapor and many other factors we
do not really know what CO2 will
do.
It could be enhanced upwelling of cold
water from
deep ocean, but could that occur in a way that's doesn't affect
ocean fluxes elsewhere doesn't seem obvious.
In the 2011 study it didn't stop, however, raising the possibility that the shape and size of different
ocean basins, independent of Earth's rotation, decided where
deep water would form.
The
oceans do not compress, so a cubic meter of surface
water has the same number of molecules as a cubic meter of
water from the
deep oceans.
However, a double check of the diagram shows that it doesn't distinguish between organic and inorganic C in the
deep and intermediate
ocean, so the total amount of organic C within the
ocean that is available to be oxidized at that rate (using O2 at a rate of 0.011 % of atmospheric O2 per year) could be larger; however, oxygen depletion in the
deeper ocean water wouldn't pull O2 out of the atmosphere until that
water resurfaced.)
It says nothing about
deep - sea temperatures, although it
does reference increased warm
water and convection (i.e. tropical cyclones) in the Indian
Ocean, which might, in turn, be involved with the 0 - 2000 meter trend in the Indian
Ocean mentioned above (originally from Bob Tisdale).
You
do know that it is a good thing that we are insulated from the
deep Oceans cold
water which can not impact on the surface or we would be permanently glaciated.
We have lots of data on the surface temperatures and now even the top 700m of
water or so, but there is so much energy storage in the
deeper oceans that we unfortunately don't know all that much about.
Knowing that these are diluted by a yearly exchange of about 90 GtC from the 13C rich
deep ocean waters (vegetation plays a minor role in this), we don't expect to find much anthro CO2 (labeled with a low d13C per mil) in the atmosphere.