But to study Earth's history over tens to hundreds of millions of years, researchers examine the chemical and biological signatures
of deep sea sediment archives.
Other papers in the issue examine
how deep sea sediments may affect seismic wave readings, and evaluate how the Cascadia Initiative's data collection from ocean bottom seismometers has improved over the first three years of the study.
In previous studies, the scientists had found evidence of eight massive melting events in
deep sea sediments around the Antarctic, which occurred at the transition from the last ice age to the present warm period.
«But if you think
about deep sea sediments, the water column over them is on the order of one, two, even five kilometers, and a lot of ocean bottom water is 2 °C, not much different from the 0 °C under the West Antarctic ice sheet.
Earlier research, based
on deep sea sediments deposited between the last Ice Age and the present warm period, has found evidence of eight melting events in the region, the largest occurring 14,700 years ago.
Such cycles obey very precise mathematical relations, and we can see these signals in ice core and
deep sea sediment records.
But «I was awestruck at the abundance and diversity of small animals
of deep sea sediments,» Grassle recalled in a greeting he recorded in accepting one of two Japan Prizes announced today.
For Fred Singer, a climatologist at the University of Virginia and another co-author, the current warming «trend is simply part of a natural cycle of climate warming and cooling that has been seen in ice cores,
deep sea sediments and stalagmites... and published in hundreds of papers in peer reviewed journals.»
In my briefings to the Association of Small Island States in Bali, the 41 Island Nations of the Caribbean, Pacific, and Indian Ocean (and later circulated to all member states), I pointed out that IPCC had seriously and systematically UNDERESTIMATED the extent of climate change, showing that the sensitivity of temperature and sea level to CO2 clearly shown by the past climate record in coral reefs, ice cores, and
deep sea sediments is orders of magnitude higher than IPCC's models.
It is far more important to see whether there is a consistency between corals and
deep sea sediment and ice cores and models than it is to validate someones spread sheet.
There are some detailed pages of information that have been meticulously reconstructed after having passed through the cross-cut shredder of geological history: the information from ice cores and
the deep sea sediment cores are obvious examples.
Using evidence garnered from samples of glacial cores and
deep sea sediment, paleoclimatologists can find patterns in the natural changes of the past and use them to predict future changes.