Sentences with phrase «deep waters form»

Numerous model simulations reveal that this circulation is quite sensitive to the freshwater budget in the high - latitude regions where deep waters form.

The deep waters formed by this process then flow into the world ocean, purging the North Atlantic of part of its excess salt.

We find that before the Industrial Revolution, deep water formed in the northern Atlantic Ocean carried about 0.6 gigatonnes of carbon annually to the Southern Hemisphere, providing support for Keeling and Heimann's proposal.

Deep water formed in the North Atlantic is the dominant source of deep water for the world.

Red shading identifies the clockwise circulation associated with deep water formed in the North Atlantic, which is confined to shallower depths at the LGM; blue shading indicates counter-clockwise circulation associated with bottom - water formation around Antarctica.

First, the deep ocean and high - latitude surface ocean where deep water forms are approaching the freezing point in the Late Cenozoic.

Not exact matches

Together with suicide, mental illness constitutes the deepest of the various forms of «deep water» through which individuals and families must sometimes go.

Globalization, taken in its rawest form, simply will not suffice to answer the deeper level in the murky waters that we are after.

The earth was without form and void and darkness was on the face of the deep; and the spirit of God was moving over the face of the waters [Gen. 1:1 - 2].

Continue to cook, without stirring, until mixture is a deep amber color, brushing sides of saucepan with water as needed to wash down any crystals that may form.

As I sat next to her yesterday on the aubergine leather sofa, the water of Puget Sound placid outside the window behind her, I studied how the afternoon light fell across her profile and how the shadows formed where age has carved deep crevices in her skin.

New calculations of the composition of TRAPPIST - 1f, the fifth planet from the star, suggest a relatively thin layer of water (still far deeper than anything found on Earth) gives way to ice VI and ice VII, two different forms of ice that can form under high pressures.

This heating ought to be weak, but some unknown process seems to be amplifying it, possibly enough to melt a deep ocean of liquid water on Enceladus, or maybe only enough to form smaller pools of water within the moon's icy shell.

Scientists aren't sure why the blob formed, though many blame a ridge of high pressure that brought sunnier weather and less mixing of surface water with colder, deeper water.

He says this energy could be vital for many marine life forms, and it could play a role in water transport and the redistribution of carbon dioxide and heat to deeper waters, thereby sustaining a healthy marine environment.

Ordinary folks fear the CO2 will simply leak upward, worrying about CO2 mingling with water to form carbonic acid that leaches heavy metals and other contaminants out of the deep.

And next month, the NASA Juno spacecraft will arrive and peer even deeper, into a suspected water layer, for clues to where and how the planet formed.

The oxygen content of the ocean may be subject to frequent ups and downs in a very literal sense — that is, in the form of the numerous sea creatures that dine near the surface at night then submerge into the safety of deeper, darker waters at daybreak.

Permafrost was known to contain gas hydrates — icelike mixtures of water and organic gases first identified in deep - sea sediments which form only at very high pressures and low temperatures.

«The primary producers, the phytoplankton, take carbon dioxide out of the surface waters and «fix» it into a form of carbon that can sink down to the deep where it is stored,» Gibson says.

Without the constant inflow of north arm water, the deep brine layer finally mixed with the overlying water, bringing oxygen and driving the methylmercury into other forms, possibly elemental mercury, which would evaporate away into the atmosphere.

«When the ice forms in winter, acidified waters below the ice become dense and sink down into the water column, spreading into deeper waters.»

But if they moved from deep to shallow water too fast, dissolved gases in their blood formed bubbles, impeding circulation and causing damage — evident in their scarred bones.

The 5 - millimeter - long diamond — and its water - carrying ringwoodite (not visible)-- formed deep within Earth's mantle.

Water locked away in rocks for 1.5 billion years reveals conditions were right for complex organic molecules to form in deep sea hydrothermal vents

«Unique diamond impurities indicate water deep in Earth's mantle: Scientific analysis of diamond impurities — known as inclusions — reveal naturally forming ice crystals and point to water - rich regions deep below the Earth's crust.»

However water vapour is not pulled away from cloud forming regions when only deep 15 km updraughts are present.

This research not only provides the first clear evidence that microorganisms were directly involved in the deposition of Earth's oldest iron formations; it also indicates that large populations of oxygen - producing cyanobacteria were at work in the shallow areas of the ancient oceans, while deeper water still reached by the light (the photic zone) tended to be populated by anoxyenic or micro-aerophilic iron - oxidizing bacteria which formed the iron deposits.

Tardigrades are the toughest, most resilient form of life on earth, able to survive for up to 30 years without food or water, and endure temperature extremes of up to 150 degrees Celsius, the deep sea and even the frozen vacuum of space.

The reduced density of the water - gas - mixture allows that deep water is pushed out of the pipe at the upper end to form a fountain above the water table, where gas is released to the atmosphere.

The plan includes about 1,400 kilometers (870 miles) of new pipeline, primarily in Quebec and New Brunswick, and new marine export terminals in both provinces, including one at Canaport in Saint John, New Brunswick, where TransCanada has formed a joint venture with privately owned Irving Oil to build, own and operate a new deep water marine terminal.

Another research group recently found that ringwoodite, another form of olivine, does contain enough hydrogen to make it a good candidate for deep - earth water storage.

Other research has found that sea ice is a natural reservoir of iron, which is captured by ice crystals as they form in deeper water and float to the surface.

But the discovery of a modern stromatolite that formed in dark water in the deep Arabian Sea calls that into question.

In the north, the waters cool and sink, forming deeper limbs that transport the cold water back south — and sequester anthropogenic carbon in the process.

In 2015, James Head at Brown University and Michael Carr at the US Geological Survey estimated that the equivalent of a global ocean a few hundred metres deep was needed to explain all the geological features that look like they were formed by water.

Mookherjee and Andreas Hermann from the University of Edinburgh estimate that in the deep Earth — roughly 250 to 370 miles into the mantle — water is stored and transported through a high - pressure form of the mineral brucite.

Though not in the familiar liquid form — the ingredients for water are bound up in rock deep in the Earth's mantle — the discovery may represent the planet's largest water reservoir.

The water contained within ringwoodite in the transition zone is forced out when it goes deeper (into the lower mantle) and forms a higher - pressure mineral called silicate perovskite, which can not absorb the water.

University of Oregon geologists have tapped water in surface rocks to show how magma forms deep underground and produces explosive volcanoes in the Cascade Range.

As the hurricane forms, deeper water in the ocean is driven to the surface.

It is the dense waters formed by this process that set up the deep ocean current patterns.

On Earth, plate tectonics forces basaltic rock deep closer to the hot mantle until melting and mixing with water forms lighter granitic rock that eventually rises to the surface through volcanic activity to form continental crust (more).

Researchers believe that if a cave goes deep enough under the Martian surface, the temperatures could get warmer and support a stable form of liquid water.

A high - school science exercise: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fosrec/Olson3.html ``... the deepest dwelling forms represent the true water - depth....

These lakes, that would be located deep in Europa's icy crust, could be communicating with the liquid water ocean below, while providing it with chemical elements from the surface that would be a valuable energy source to any potential life forms.

Deep under the ocean on Earth, certain geologically active places have entire ecosystems that thrive in total darkness because hydrothermal vents called «black smokers» supply the needed ingredients in the form of energy - rich chemicals dissolved in superheated water.

By examining the cooling rate of rocks that formed more than 10 miles beneath the Earth's surface, scientists led by The University of Texas at Austin Jackson School of Geosciences have found that water probably penetrates deep into the crust and upper mantle at mid-ocean spreading zones, the places where new crust is made.

Much of the water launched by the fountains of the great deep would have vaporized and slowly formed a thin disk of water vapor aligned with the ecliptic and eventually extending beyond Neptune.

Even more crustal minerals were formed by plate tectonics with the help of lubricating ocean water, atmospheric oxygen from the successful development of photosynthetic microbes, and land - based lichens (of algae and fungi) and mosses which were followed by deep - rooted plants that hastened the erosion and weathering of surface rocks with the help of biochemical action and the creation of soils as well as new clay minerals.